THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF MODERN PRAGMALINGUISTICS: IDEAS AND PERSPECTIVES

Аннотация

This article analyzes current issues of pragmatics, pragmalinguistics, and pragmatics.The philological basis is interpreted. In addition, the human factor in pragmatics has been studied in detail. Perspective indicators are highlighted. Keywords: analyze, pragmatics, pragmalinguistics, human factor, communication strategy. communicative tactics. Today man is at the center of all scientific fields. And linguistics in this sense is no exception. Linguists turned to the "human factor", to the native speaker - a person, a speaking person. Thus, the stage of research, which was based on formal criteria for the analysis of language, ended. Linguists have directed their interests in the field of the study of speech messages, taking into account speech impact as an important means of human communication. Increasing attention was paid to pragmatic influences, and pragmatics as a science came to the fore. Pragmatics is an element of the "semiotic triad". Following the American researcher C.W. Morris, it is customary to divide semiotics into semantics, syntactics and pragmatics. At the same time, within the framework of semantics, CW Morris proposed to study "the relationship of signs to their objects", within the framework of syntactics - "the formal relationship of signs to each other," and pragmatics assigned the role of studying "the relationship of signs to interpreters," ie., to those "who use signs - speaking, listening, writing, reading." Pragmalinguistics is one of the directions in modern pragmatics and can be interpreted as the linguistic section of pragmatics. Communication strategy. Communicative tactics. The totality of moves planned in advance and realized in the course of a speech act is defined as a communicative strategy. The definition of a communicative strategy depends on the goals and objectives of the study, which determine the choice of the sender of certain speech actions. Each utterance, like their sequence. performs many functions and pursues many goals, in connection with this, the speaker chooses those linguistic means that best suit them. 16 MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference In the most general sense, a communication strategy includes planning the process of verbal communication depending on the specific conditions of communication and the personalities of the communicants, as well as the implementation of this plan. In other words, a communication strategy is a complex of thoughtful and motivated speech actions aimed at achieving a communicative goal. Speech actions, similar in their communicative intention, and, consequently, in semantic content, are combined into tactics subordinate to the goals of verbal communication. Communicative tactics is understood as a set of practical speech actions for the implementation of communicative intention in the real process of speech interaction. Unlike a communicative strategy, communicative tactics is primarily related not to a communicative goal - the global concept of verbal communication, but to a set of communicative intentions that depend on various factors. Since communicative strategies are implemented in speech actions and are associated with predicting the situation, their origins should be sought in motives that govern human activity, i.e., communicative strategies as a type of human activity have a deep connection with the motives that govern the speech behavior of a person, and a clear, observable connection with his needs and desires. The transformation of a motive into a motive-goal, the choice of one of several goals, the allocation of intermediate goals are the basis of the mechanism of communicative strategies. Two types of basic goals can be distinguished, which reflect the essential motives of human behavior. Firstly, this is the desire to be effective (that is, to realize the intention), and secondly, the need to adapt to the situation. On this basis, primary and secondary goals are identified. The implicatures of communication are connected with the linguistic content of the utterance only indirectly. They allow the speaker to realize his communicative intention without resorting to verbal expression of what the listener can deduce from the direct meaning of the utterance. They also explain how the "speaker's meaning" can include more than the literal meaning of the sentence (indirect speech acts), how it can deviate from the literal meaning (metaphor) or even be opposite to it (irony). They are derived from the content of the sentence, but owe their existence to the fact that the participants in the speech act are bound by a common goal of communicative cooperation. As you can see, a significant part of understanding is not related to linguistic rules that assign a certain meaning to a sentence based on the meaning of its components, but to our ability to draw conclusions 17 MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference about the speaker's real in