The usage of authentic material for critical thinking development

Аннотация

This article is devoted to the use of original literature in order to develop students‘ critical thinking abilities. Many scientists believe that the development of critical thinking, basing on authentic literature, has a positive effect on teaching future specialists. Keywords: original material, critical thinking, analytical, associative, logical, system thinking. In the process of globalization and the development of the world community, the need for learning foreign languages has sharply increased. Modern pedagogy needs to rethink the changes in the educational space that have occurred in recent years and are continuing today. Society needs qualitatively new characteristics of pedagogical activity. Currently, there is a tendency in the higher education system to develop students' critical thinking, since specialists with analytical skills and abilities who can recognize and solve problems are required. The construction of critical thinking skills forms analytical, associative, logical, systemic thinking of students of language institutes, with the subsequent application and development of these abilities in the field of professional activity. 426 The ability to logically substantiate the proposed solutions to a specific problem, analyze and synthesize specific facts, following a logical sequence of actions, is a priority in the professional training of future language specialists. In this regard, there is an urgent need to use original material for the development of students‘ critical thinking abilities. The problem of increasing the level of knowledge of students through the use of original texts is of interest to teachers all over the world. The educational process has changed at various times in accordance with the requirements of the era and the level of state relations, but the question of ways to improve knowledge has always remained relevant. Progressive ideas presented in the works of J.J. Zhalolov, G.T. Makhkamova, L.T.Akhmedova, S.S. Alimov, G.S. Altshuller, L.V. Vygotsky, G. K. Selevko, P. Bespalko, M.N. Guslova, N.D. Galskova and other scientists have had an important influence on the formation of the modern education system. The solution of the question of the role of using authentic literature for the development of the vital activity of each member of society is based on the awareness of the phenomenon of education as a personal asset, as a process of familiarization with culture and as a special social institution. Education in the sense of personal property affects the system of concepts, ideas, and human relationships that determine and guide his behavior. Education as a process implies the degree of mastering the content of culture, the influence and interaction of the individual and the entire cultural environment. Education from the point of view of a special social institution, being a component of the cultural environment of the individual, directs the impact of the learning system on the formation and development of a person. The current trend in the development of this problem is based on cooperation between a student and a teacher developing new learning strategies. The modern way of organizing the educational process is focused on preparing the student for the future profession and life in society, a person who is able to analyze all the events taking place in the world, critically reason, and quickly adapt to changing living conditions, cooperate with other people, develop their creative potential and creativity of thinking. In order to consider the use of original texts in teaching, first of all, let us turn to the concept of critical thinking. Critical thinking is a widely used term that includes the skills of identifying, analyzing, synthesizing and evaluating information for making informed decisions [Halpern 2001: 273]. Despite the fact that there is considerable debate about the interpretation of the definition of critical thinking, critical thinking has been identified as a top priority for teaching and learning a foreign language in universities. Despite the steady interest in the development of critical thinking in higher education institutions, there is evidence that students lack the critical thinking and problem-solving skills needed in modern workplaces. This disadvantage reveals the fact that English teachers do not fully understand the effectiveness of the formation of critical thinking, and cannot use tasks for its development in their classes to the proper extent. The most adequate interpretation of the term critical thinking is presented by E.I. Fedotovskaya. According to the researcher, critical thinking is inherently connected with the reflection of students' activities, and includes the following characteristics of thinking [Fedotovskaya 2005:180]:  analytical thinking (analysis of information, selection of necessary facts, comparison and comparison of facts or events);  associative thinking (establishing associations with previously acquired material,