METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING GEOGRAPHY TO STUDENTS IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

Аннотация

This article considers the main problems related to the organization of the educational process, taking into account the peculiarities of teaching geography and the characteristics of children's perception of the world around them. Methodical methods of using visual aids in geography lessons for children with disabilities are analyzed, the experience of working with didactic material is described. Key words: Inclusive education, individual education, geographical methods, modern methods, pedagogical innovations, training manuals, handouts, action and visual games. Working with maps. The practice of inclusive education is based on the idea of accepting the individuality of each student, and therefore education should create a corrective environment in such a way as to meet the special needs of each child. Development and correction of intellectual activity of students with disabilities is considered in geography lessons. In organizing geography classes, the skills of the pedagogue are in the first place to ensure the education of students with disabilities. A teacher who teaches children with disabilities inevitably faces a number of problems. For example, how to ensure the success of every student in learning, how to maintain and strengthen the child's health while organizing educational activities. Teaching disabled children will be effective if the following pedagogical conditions are met: - use of customized educational programs and training manuals; - drawing up work programs and lesson notes that contribute to their comprehensive development, taking into account the characteristics of the psychophysical development of disabled students; - application of an individual approach, taking into account the emotional and volitional sphere, a person-oriented and differential approach; - exchange of mental and practical activities, use of interesting and colorful didactic materials and visual aids; - use of changing activities during training (physical education and other interesting activities); 122 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference Using methods that activate students' cognitive activity and cognitive interest in the subject of "Geography"; - constant monitoring of homework completion (necessary volume, compliance with the given material); - unity and consistency of requirements for students with disabilities. The main goal of today's pedagogue should be the use of active teaching methods, games and information and communication technologies when conducting geography lessons. Multimedia presentations, educational and documentary films, as well as various didactic materials should be widely used in the educational process. Textbook and workbook are the main teaching tools, which are actively used in every lesson. During the lesson, students work with textbook materials, a colorful appendix to the textbook, and after studying the topic, they should be asked to test their knowledge with questions after the paragraphs or tasks in the workbook. The set of lessons conducted on the formation of cognitive interest in geography includes: - the use of a large number of game methods and forms. For example, exercise games last about 10 minutes and are aimed at improving the cognitive abilities of children with disabilities, and are also a good way to develop cognitive interests, understand and reinforce the lesson material. "Hatching" exercise. In this exercise, a contour map divides the continents in different ways. This exercise is aimed at developing and correcting coordinated movements of visual and motor analyzers. "Identify by outline" exercise. In this exercise, children are asked to recognize the continents by their contours, the task can be complicated by turning the images of the continents upside down. Physical exercises help to develop visual perception, memory and attention. Exercise "Color program" (for individual work). The child is given 6 color images of the continents, he must place the maps on the world map. The exercise develops the ability to move the eye in space and perceive areas. "Geographic alphabet" exercise. The task is to list the terms in alphabetical order. The task is performed orally or in writing, face-to-face or individually, within a certain time. "Geographic crossword" exercise. Any crossword is useful to enrich our vocabulary. These exercises are suitable for school-aged students, and it was considered very important to use crosswords for students of different ages. Students perceive such geographical tasks as different games. They always play 123 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference games like this with pleasure. Observing the learning process shows that students effectively perform these exercise tasks even at the end of the lesson when they run out of learning opportunities. Some geographical exercises help to improve the creative literacy of students. For example, tasks that require geographic