ORIGIN AND MEANING OF THE NAME "DAYU AN" ("DAVAN").

Аннотация

В данной статье представлены подробные сведения об истории происхождения топонима Давань, объяснение топонимов древней Фергонской долины и находящихся там стран в китайских источниках, написанных после V века нашей эры, а также сравнительный анализ его значений в научные труды европейских учёных. Ключевые слова: общество, исток, центр, город, термин, традиция, культура, традиция, династия, история, литература, цивилизация. It is not for nothing that Arnold Toynbee, one of the geniuses of human society, described the valley as “Ancient Farghana - one of the important centers of world civilization”. Ancient Farghane was considered one of the major historical and cultural regions of Turonzamin, like Bakhtria, Sughd, and Khorezm, and entered the world history under the name “Farghana civilization” due to its worthy contribution to the culture of civilization. In the territory of the valley, especially in its eastern part, the places of farming and urban development (II millennium BC, first half of the 1st millennium AD) were discovered and well studied by archaeologists, but this information is limited and incomplete.[1] The reason is that there is almost no information about Farghana Valley in written sources, especially in ancient authors. But some information is recorded in Chinese annals. 13 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference Should local terms be used in the writing of historical works or given by other peoples and preserved in sources in foreign languages. It is better to use local terms. But in some cases we use foreign terms. One such term is “Dayuan” (“Davan” in modern reading, in Russian transcription, and its origin is unknown. This is the case in the translation and interpretation given in N.V. Kuener’s work entitled “Chinese messages about the peoples of South Siberia, Central Asia and the Far East” The origin and meaning of the term Dayyuan (Davan) in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (ShUAR) was also not determined. [2] For example, in 1756-1758, the French scientist M. Degin mentioned that the origin of the term Davan is related to the Fargona toponym. However, he did not comment on how this connection happened. Taking into account the circumstances mentioned above, in this chapter of our book, we found it necessary to express some of our thoughts and opinions on the issue of the origin of the term “Dayuan” (“Davan”) in Chinese sources. In carrying out this work, we tried to make extensive use of dictionaries and historical literature published in the People’s Republic of China in recent years. The Daiyuan toponym appears for the first time in Shiji (“Historical Memoirs”) written by Sima Qian (Russian: Sima Qian). This source was written in 104-91 BC. Information about Fargona in “Shiji” appeared in Chinese sources with the report of Zhang Qian, the ambassador of the First Han Dynasty, who was sent to Turkestan in 138 BC and returned to his homeland after 13 years.[3] For example, according to the 126th chapter of this source entitled “Daiyuan lezhuan” (“Fergana Tazkiras”), “Daiyuan appeared in the information of Zhang Qian”. It is said that the hieroglyph “wan” was read as “yuan” in the commentary given in this source where the toponym Daiyuan was used for the first time. Hanzi guying shoutse (Manual of Ancient Chinese Hieroglyphics) states that this hieroglyph was pronounced as “shap” in ancient times. Therefore, we found it appropriate to use the ancient reading of the term in our research. In Chinese sources written after the 5th century AD, the ancient Fargona valley and the name of the state here were called Poluona, Fakhanna. For example, in “Weishu” written by Wei Shou (506-572) and “Beishi” written in the first half of the 7th century, the name of the Fargona valley is “Luona”, and in the travel book “Du Huan jingshing ji” it is written as “Fakhanna”. Another important information is found in “Weishu” and “Beishi”. It clearly states that “Luona State is the Ancient Dayyuan State”. It should be noted here that “Puo” is omitted in the toponym “Luona” in “Weishu”. This can be learned from the information in Shin Tngshu, which was written in 941- 14 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference 945 by Liu Hu, the chief historian group of the Tang Dynasty court, and edited and supplemented by Ou Yangtyu and Sung Tzu in 1044-1060. For example, in the history of this dynasty, Ningyuan is actually described as Fahanna or Puohan, Puoluona during the Wei period. The historical events mentioned in “Weishu” and “Beishi” were related to the dynasties of Turkic origin. Therefore, in these dynastic histories, many terms, especially toponyms belonging to countries outside of China, were used as Chinese transcriptions of local place names. Du Juan, the author of the aforementioned travelogue, was captured in 751 in a battle between the Arabs and Chinese troops on the banks of the Talas (Taraz) river, and was imprisoned for