TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR PLANTING OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES IN BUKHARA REGION

Аннотация

the article describes the technologies used to grow high-quality soybean varieties (Zamin, Zara, Chara, Olmos, Bars, Arisoy, CK Optima Ru2) in our country, their role and importance in human life. Key words: legume, protein, oil, carbonated water, tillering, flowering period, early varieties, stem, leaf, dry weight. Soybean is a group of annual herbaceous plants belonging to leguminous family, leguminous grain and oilseed. Homeland - China. It was first planted in Uzbekistan in 1975. The stem is rough and grows upright. Its height is from 15 cm to 2 m, it branches, it has 2-8 side branches. The fruit is a pod, yellow, black, brown, hard. Each pod contains 2-6 grains, contains 24-45% protein, 13-37% fat, 20-32% carbohydrates, and vitamins. The growing season is 75-100 days. Soya is a heat-loving and moisture- loving plant, a light-loving short-day plant. It develops well at 21-23°С. The seed germinates at 6-10°С. The shade is self-pollinating. The flowering period lasts 15-55 days. During the growing season, it is necessary to water every 10-12 days. Oil belonging to the olein-linole group, soybeans rich in protein are extracted from the grain. Grain, unripe (dumbul) pods are used for food. Soybean flour is used in the preparation of sausage products, milk, cottage cheese, confectionery, and other products. Straw, hay, hay, silage are fed to livestock. Dietary foods for diabetes patients are prepared from soy beans. The main protein of soy - glycine is easily digested, dissolves well in water, turns into curd, and the protein is rich in irreplaceable amino acids. Soybeans have four main functions in agriculture. These include meeting the population's need for vegetable protein, increasing grain production, increasing soil fertility, and providing livestock with fodder. This plant is one of the most important crops for increasing soil fertility. Soybean contains 30-52% protein, 17-27% oil and 20% carbon water. The widespread distribution of soybeans on the earth is related to the quality of grain and protein. The amount and ratio of protein, oil and other important organic and mineral substances in the grain allows it to be used in various 80 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference sectors. Oil, margarine, cheese, milk, flour, confectionery products, and preserves are produced from soybeans. Soybean oil makes up 40% of the vegetable oil produced on earth. It is necessary to provide the population with nutritious food products, to solve the protein deficit, to increase the production of vegetable oil, to increase the quality of seeds and soil fertility. To solve these problems, it is necessary to create and improve new soybean varieties and cultivation technology. At present, soybeans are planted as a secondary crop on 62 million hectares of land around the world. The decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of April 6, 2017 on soybean cultivation and measures to fully meet the population's need for soybean oil was adopted on the portal for discussion of regulatory legal documents in Uzbekistan this year. It is planned to gradually increase the areas where soybeans are planted in 2016, during this period, 92,266 hectares will be planted as a main crop, and 40,557 hectares will be planted as a secondary crop. Among the leguminous crops grown in our country, soybean is the most valuable plant, after wheat, rice and corn. More than four hundred different products are made from soybean grain and protein. Its grain contains up to 45% protein and up to 25% vegetable oil, amino acids that are rare in livestock protein. Soybean protein produces environmentally friendly oil, egg powder containing lecithin, blood plasma, and high-quality lenses for glasses. In addition, woolen gauzes are produced. It is difficult to distinguish them from real woolen fabrics. In animal husbandry, soy products are considered the most nutritious and high-quality feed, according to its protein content, 100 kg of soybean grain contains 134.8 nutritional units. This indicator is not found in any other cereal or leguminous crop. Its dry stem is also more nutritious than alfalfa hay. Soybean meal, which remains after oil extraction in factories, contains 14 different amino acids, and these substances are widely used in poultry farming. Chicken eggs are rich in protein, high quality, and large in size. Soy protein is also a unique food for silkworms. In Japan, where silkworms are fed five times a year, diluted soy protein pastes are used. Initial work in this regard is also being carried out in our country. This plant is very important for increasing soil fertility. Soybeans absorb pure nitrogen from the air through their roots and enrich the soil. That is, it improves the composition of the soil and increases the activity of biological processes. In the fields where this plant is planted, the microflora of the soil is improved, a biological and ecological system is created in the soil. 81 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN