DISCOURSE ON LINGUOCULTURAL FEATURES OF CONCEPT HAPPINESS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

Аннотация

This article explores happiness as expressed in English language from distinct cultural backgrounds. In doing so, it addresses the semantic and linguo-cultural characteristics that shape this concept. Through an analysis of proverbs, novels, and metaphors, this study investigates how happiness is conceptualized and valued differently in these cultures Key words: concept, happiness, semantic, English, Uzbek, characteristics, feature The concept of happiness is an integral part of human experience, yet it varies in interpretation across different cultures. This comparison allows us to uncover deeper cultural and philosophical differences, adding to the discourse on how language reflects worldview and emotional perspective. In English, happiness is often articulated through terms that emphasize individual joy and achievement, like "contentment," "joy," and "satisfaction." Each of these words hints at happiness as a result of personal fulfillment or success, suggesting an individual-centered view where happiness is something each person is responsible for finding. Common expressions such as "to be happy with oneself" or "the pursuit of happiness" illustrate this perspective, positioning happiness as both a goal and an internal state. Happiness in English-speaking cultures is often celebrated as an individual right and an achievement. The famous line from the U.S. Declaration of Independence, "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness," encapsulates this belief, suggesting that happiness is a personal goal, integral to personal freedom. This cultural outlook has influenced how happiness is expressed in English, often emphasizing personal success, growth, and self-expression. The concept is based on the linguoculturological field of a hierarchical system of units that have a common meaning and reflect the system of corresponding cultural concepts [3. 147]. In English, happiness is often viewed as a personal journey or aspiration. Proverbs like “Happiness is a state of mind” and “Money can't buy happiness” suggest that happiness is subjective, not tied to wealth, and depends on an 102 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference individual's mindset or personal experiences. English literature also often portrays happiness as a dynamic state that one strives for or discovers through personal growth, relationships, or career accomplishments. The linguistic and cultural analyses of happiness in English language reveal that happiness, though universally significant, is culturally constructed. English tends to view happiness as an individual endeavor, closely linked with personal growth and achievements, while emphasizes collective well-being, family ties, and ethical integrity. By examining how happiness is conceptualized through language, literature, and proverbs, this study highlights the richness of cultural diversity in defining and experiencing happiness. The concept 'happiness / baxt contains a certain system of universal and nationally determined values, which allows us to consider it as a basic component of the national picture of the world of the languages under consideration [4. 82.]. The concept of "happiness/baht" refers to a person's feelings and reflects a state of satisfaction, so one can comprehend that the feeling of "happiness/baht" is associated with emotions a kin to joy, considering the sense of joy in the background. In English, the concept of happiness can be expressed through such fundamental concepts as "luck" (good luck), "pleasure", "joy", "ecstasy", "satisfaction". The lexical-semantic field of the concept of happiness "bakht" in the Uzbek language relates to words like "saodat" (the highest degree of happiness), "Omad" (good luck), "shodlik" (fun), "hursandchilik" (joy), "taqdir" (fate).It is evident that in both English and Uzbek languages, happiness expresses feelings. In both languages, "happiness/baht" signifies significant positive moments. In etymological dictionaries, the concept of "happiness" appears as a noun, which traces back to "hap" (case, good luck), which according to “Cassel's concise English dictionary” and a concise etymological dictionary of the English language has a Scandinavian derivation [1.73 p]. According to dictionaries, the word happiness is formed as an adjective "happy" and then as a noun “happiness” through suffixation. The Uzbek etymological dictionary presents "baht" as a Persian derivation [2.44 p]. An analysis of the etymological dictionaries reveals that the concept of “baht” has semantic and lingua cultural aspects. Comparative characteristics of concept “happiness / Baht” make a number of synonyms in the English language: happy, lucky, felicity, fortunate, bliss, pleasure, joy, glad, rap, fortunate, bliss, pleasure, joy, glad, rap fortunate, bliss, pleasure, joy, glad, rap, bliss, pleasure, joy, glad, rap bliss, 103 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference pleasure, joy, glad, ra