Фузариозы пшеницы в засолѐнных почвах Республики Каракалпакстан и меры борьбы с ними

Аннотация

The aim of the research work. The emerging reasons of fusarial disease of wheat in the saline soils, distribution, biology, taxonomy and the controlling measures of fusarial wilt diseases in the districts Amudariya, Nukus, Chimbay, Takhtakopir of the republic of Karakalpakistan were studied in the research. The object of the research work. To work out scientific and practical recommendations on the determination of influence to productivity and combating measures against to them on the base of study of fungi species texture, taxonomy, biology and pathogen’s distribution principles of fusarial disease causing fungi belonging to the class of fuzarium on the wheat varieties in the conditions of saline lands of the republic of Karakalpakistan. Scientific novelty of the research w ork: 12 species and 3 subspecies of fungi belonging to Fusarium class were separated during the conducted researches from saline soils. Phitotoxin and pathogenic properties of separated fungus were studied morphologic, taxonomic and biologic properties of disease causing species have been determined; it has been proved that the most aggressive forms of fungal infections arc fusariosis inducing F.oxysporum, F.gramenearum and F.solani for the first time on saline soils Rcpablic Karakalpakstan pathogenicity and phitotoxic properties of fungi causing fusarium disease of wheat relavite resistance to Fusarium diseases of wheat varieties has bin proved Garezsizlik, Krasnodar-99 Tanya from zoned genotypes Rcpablic Karakalpakstan defining of fusarial disease, recommendations on combating against it, manuals have been prepared Fitolavin, Trichodcrmin, Raksil, Gcrkules, Vial Trast. The outcomes of the research. 12 species and 3 subspecies of fungi belonging to Fusarium class were separated during the conducted researches from saline soils. Phitotoxin and pathogenic properties of separated fungus were studied. Statements about application of taken data in the practice have been received from farmers “Pirniyaz Takhta” and “Nuratdin Takhta” of Takhtakopir district, from “Abdukhalikov Jalgish” and “Sultanmurat Qiyra” of Amudariya district, and from “Nurlanbek Bekbergan” and “Qallibekova Gulmira” of Chimbay district. Extension of the research outcomes. Research works in the fields of wheat on the base of results for the perfection of controlling measures against wheat fusarial disease in the saline soils of the republic of Karakalpakistan have been carried out in the 0.5 hectare of field planted to 25 regionized and targeting to regionizing wheat varieties in the experimental plot of the SRI on the grain and grain-bean crops in Nukus district, inn 150 hectares in the farm of “Pirniyaz Takhta”, in totally of 160 hectares in “Nuratdin Takhta” of Takhtakopir district, in 33 hectares in the farm “Abdukhalikov Jalgish” , in 73 hectares of the farm of “Sultanmurat Qiyra” in 44 hectares of “Nurlanbek Bekberganov”, in 91 hectares of “Qallibekova Gulmira” farm in the district of Amu Daria. Efficient Seed treatment fungicides and biological preparations were used in the purpose of getting high wheat yields at the conduclcd researches. Productivity has been grown than control by 3-5 centners at the treatment of seeds by the preparation of Vial Trast fungicide. That is, the productivity of control variant was 18,5 - 19,8 centner/ha , while the productivity of experiment variant makes up 24,0 - 25.5 ccntner/ha. Tratmcnt of seeds by the preparation of Raksil, Gcrkules fungicides the yields of control and experiment with treatment of both preparations at once, the productivity of both varients were respectively : 18.0 - 19.3 and 23,0 - 24,4 centner/ha. The structure and the volume of the thesis. The thesis contents of introduction, 6 chapters, conclusion, used literature and enclosures. The volume of desis has 120 pages.