Воссоздание национальной картины мира в художественном переводе

Аннотация

The urgency and relevance of the theme of the dissertation.. Scientific researches aimed at deep understanding of national values, traditions, customs, history and culture of peoples on the base of belles-lettres works, as well as revelation of universal and differential categories of culture present a vital importance for modem translatology. Comprehensive analysis of the translations of belles-lettres texts from Uzbek language and backwards, revelation of humanistic, spiritual, and cultural values of the peoples, as well as comparative study of national-cultural specificity of each language is one of the priority objectives of philological studies. During the years of independence in our country, a special attention is paid to the culture, art. and literature. In particular, the interest to the familiarization with the best samples of world literature through direct translation into Uzbek language has risen; as well as scientific-theoretical and comparative-typological researches in this sphere increased. It is also worth mentioning that the quality of such researches rose and the increasing dynamics of application the results of the research into practical spheres is observed. As one of the priority directions of the Strategy of actions for further development of Uzbekistan it is considered “the stimulation of scientific-research and innovative activity, creation of effective mechanisms of application of scientific and innovative achievements into practice, foundation of scientific-experimental specialized laboratories, centers of high technologies, and techno parks under the higher educational establishments in the republic’^ that opens up possibilities for broadening of scientific researches and extension of scientific results in the sphere of translatology. A special attention of translation schools in the scientific world is paid to the researches related to the national picture of the world and to the problems of its representation in translation. We observe that rcalia. phraseological units, and parcmias in works translated during the years of independence from Uzbek language into Fiuncli have been iendcicd in the language of liaiiblaliun inadequately, omitted or expressed through Russian transliteration. This, in its turn, can lead to a distorted view of any reader about Uzbek thinking, their worldview ordcpict the incomplete picture of Uzbek mentality. To solve these problems, it is necessary to increase the amount of researches devoted to the study of translated works, to determine the level of their quality and to solve lexicographic problems, as well as detailed analysis of each translation is essential. The need for a thorough and scientifically substantiated discussion of such important problems determines the relevance of the topic of this study. The present scientific study senes to a certain degree to achieve the objectives set out in the following legal documents: the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “About State Youth Policy” from February, 14 2016; the Decree of the President PF-4947 “the Strategy of actions for further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan” from February', 7 2017; the Resolution PP-2789 “On the measures of further development of Academy of Sciences, organization, management, and financing of scientific-research activity” from February', 17 2017; the Resolution PP-2894 “On the foundation of the alley of literati at the National park of Uzbekistan named after Alisher Navoi” from April. 18 2017; and some others related to this sphere. The aim of the research is conceptual analysis of the problem of reconstructing the national picture of the world in a literary translation and the development of practical recommendations on the solution to certain problems of the adequacy of the translation. The scientific novelty of the research is expressed in the following points: the representations of philosophic-linguistic interpretation of the phenomena “national picture of the world” and “picture of the world” in the sphere of translatology were broadened: on the base of contextual-componcntial analysis, it was justified that the correct rendering of rcalia, phraseological units, and parcmic units in translation serves to represent the national picture of the world of the original in translation; the level of linguistic and background knowledge of a translator, the quality of translator skills in revealing implicit and explicit information on the examples from bcllcs-lcttcrs texts translated directly and indirectly during the independence were shown; scientific-practical recommendations for revelation of the reasons of occurrence and the means of their decrease on the base of the characteristics of such phenomena as sonance. dissonance, cognitive dissonance were elaborated; the necessity to include the words with national-cultural components into linguo-cultural dictionaries was substantiated; the principles of compilation of “visual and audio-visual dictionary of national-cultural words” on the base of the results of the research and scientific-theoretical conclusions were elaborated; Conclusion 1. The analysis of scientific-theoretical views on the phenomenon of “national picture of the world” makes it possible to come to the following conceptual definition of the term: “national picture of the world is national -individual attitude to the objects, phenomena, events around in the mind of every representative or individual of any nationality”. 2. National-linguistic peculiarities of the phenomenon of “picture of the world” in translation texts is identified by adequate translation of idiomatic expressions, parcmiological phrases, and rcalia. 3. The translation of literary works performed during the independence period has shown that national-cultural expressions were mainly translated using Russian transliteration, omitted, or blended with rcalia in target language. 4. The level of background knowledge of the translator in the translation of the works from Uzbek into French or from French into Uzbek is evaluated by the knowledge of the history, geography, culture, traditions, and everyday life of people whose native is the source language of translation. 5. The skills, abilities, and qualifications of the translator may be evaluated by the following criteria: a) the ability of the translator to choose a book for translation based on the translator-author-book triad: b) the translator's high level of background knowledge and full awareness of national-cultural information: c) the translator’s extensive world outlook, artistic-aesthetic "sensitivity" and translational "curiosity"; d) thetranslator’s ability to "use" and "create"words. 6. The adequate rendering of proverbs and sayings, phrazcologica) units, as national and cultural elements, allows them to find the equivalent value in the translation language, look for alternative versions, and choose between different shades of meanings of language units. 7. One of the solutions to pressing issues of the translation of folk proverbs was the conceptual recommendations for the creation of a bilingual dictionary of French proverbs, which contained French-language versions of Uzbek proverbs. 8. Cognitive dissonance plays an important role in the selection and identification of adequate translations. In the translation of literary works, the following four factors have been identified as the main factors leading to the cognitive dissonance in the process of reproducing the national picture of the world: indirect translation, misuse of rcalias (non-cquivalcnt lexis), breach of semantics of set expressions, inclusion of “false friends of translator” 9. Certain principles were developed in order to overcome the occurrence of cognitive dissonance as a phenomenon and condition in translation. They include the followings: turning the implicit information in the original into explicit information in translation; proper choice of phraseological units; necessity of levelled choice of the material for translation; compiling bilingual translation dictionaries of national-cultural expressions. Transliteration, making footnotes, and descriptive translation were proved to be the most convenient ways of rendering rcalias (non-cquivalcnt lexis) in translation. 10. Reduction and overcoming of cognitive dissonance and achieve adequate translation is determined by the existence of bilingual dictionaries of national-cultural words in every language. Compiling of such dictionaries is based on the following stages: 1) analytical-theoretical; 2) practical; 3) technical; 4) experimental-testing. 11. Content structure of the dictionary includes: - words of Uzbek national culture grouped according to their meaning; - words with national-cultural component were defined using “Uzbek language explanatory dictionary”, “Etymological dictionary of Uzbek language”, historical and local sources (some of the words included into the dictionary were not fixed in written sources before); - national-cultural words translated into French; - national-cultural words rendered using transcription and transitcration; - in order to make the meaning of words clearer and easy to imagine for dictionary users, colourful pictures depicting the words were added; - grammatical categories of words (their number and gender): - each word was provided with a sound pronunciation activated by a special button. 12. The elaboration of bilingual and multilingual dictionaries of words with national-cultural component allows extending the knowledge about the national picture of the world at the expense of including the following thematic layers: national songs (local songs), national and local dances: national and local cuisine; national and local rituals: fauna; flora; symbols; colours, and numbers.