Разработка научных принципов получения термо-химорадиационноустойчивых ионообменных полимеров поликонденсационного типа

Аннотация

The actuality and relevance of dissertation theme. At present time in the world of ion exchange polymers found the wide usage in hydromctallurgy, in the purification of different productional and waste water, water treatment. One of the actual tasks is the creation and development of processes of obtaining ion exchange polymers, with high sorptional and selective properties, by further study of scientific fundamentals of management by explotational properties of obtained ion exchange polymers1. During the years of independence, our Republic especial attention was paid to the directed obtaining weakly basic complexing anion exchanger with selective properties of ions of copper and molybdenum by polycondensation of furfural, benzohuanidin in the presence of polyethylcncpolyamine; synthesis of new polycondensation type ion exchangcpolymers based on furfural, compounds containing aromatic rings and increasing their resistance to chemical and thermal influences. In the whole world the technology production of ion exchange materials of polymerization type on the base of monomers were established, such as divinylbcnzcnc, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, vinylpyridinc and investigations directed to the solution of actual tasks arc being carried out. In the production of ion exchange polymers, it is necessary to consider a number of decisions, in particular, on the following areas: the development of methods of ion exchange polymers with high thermal and chemical resistant and mechanical stability; optimal conditions for obtaining the search of ion exchange polymers with high sorptional, selective and cxploitational properties; the creation of new technologies with the usage of existing monomers on the base work of local raw materials. The disscrtational research adds the definite contributions to the realization of tasks, arising from the resolutions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan № PD-1442 from December 15, 2010 «About priorities of industrial development of the Republic of Uzbekistan», № PD-1072 from March 12, 2009 «On program measures of important projects realization on modernization, technical and technological upgrading of production» and № PD-2298 from February 11, 2015 «On the Program of localization of production of ready products, complecting the products and materials for 2015-2019 years» and other normative-legal acts. The aim of research is the development of technology obtaining a new thcrmical-chemical and radiation resiatant ion exchange polymers of polycondensation type. The scientific novelty of the research is in the following: the method of obtaining the thcrmical-chemical resistant of weakly basic anionites with complexing capacity to the ions of heavy metals by polycondensation of furfural with diphcnylaminc was developed; a new polymer matrix by the way of polycondensation of diphcnyloxidc and furfural for introducing ionic groups was created; the rcgularitions of dependence reaction polycondensation of diphcnyloxidc and furfural from initialmonomers, catalyst initial, temperature and etc. Were studied; the technological regime of sulphonation and phosphorylation reactions was developed; determined mechanical resistant, working interval and sorptional properties of the obtained sulphocationites in the relation with sodium ions, calcium and magnesium were defined; the sorption ions of copper from copper-containing dcrinaige water in dynamic conditions of phosphorous cationites of the technology regeneration caitionite was improved. CONCLUSION 1. By polycondensational diphcnylaminc with furfural was developed the method for obtaining a weakly basic anionite, having a high thcrmical-chemical resistance. The effect of reaction temperature, the ratio of the initial substances, the nature and concentration of the catalyst and others. On the properties of the obtained polymer based on the optimum of the recommended conditions for the synthesis of anion-exchange polymer of low basicity were investigated. 2. Joint polycondensational of diphcnyloxidc with furfural was obtained a new polymer which was used as a polymer matrix for the introduction of ionic groups. Sulfonation of the resulting polymer recommended new sulphocationite SK.DF, monofunctional sulphocationite, macroporous sulphocationite. 3. Investigated the reaction of phosphorylation obtained diphcnyloxidc furfurol polymer in order to obtain new phosphate cationite. Investigated the influence of the nature and concentration of the phosphorylating agent, the reaction temperature and duration of phosphorylation, nature and concentration of the catalyst on the properties of phosphate cationite. 4. Were studied the possibility of obtaining a monofunctional, polyfunctional and macroporous sulphocationitc and cationite containing phosphoric acid group. Using the equation of Brunaucr, Emmett and Teller (BET) for the calculation of the porous structure of the polymer were calculated pore characteristics cation, which confirms the value of belong to the polymer obtained macroporous cation exchanger. 5. Investigated and found that the resulting polymers were characterized by the high resistance to thermal, chemical resistance to water, air and aqueous solutions of alkalis, acids. The change of the basic properties and structure of the resulting phosphate cation exchanger under the influence of 60Co y-radiation in water and in the air. It was found that irradiation dose of 500 rengen/s at 25°C phosphate cation exchanger was resistant to radiation. 6. Kinetic data of the multifunctional sulfonic ion exchange with H+ —> Na4 and Na* —> Ca2* using diffusion equations were defined specific objects practical application of ion exchangers. 7. The principal of technological and reglament on obtaining of polyfunctional sulphocationite in cxpcrtly-productional conditions were suggested. Technology of obtaining sulphocationitc with the positive results was tested in the productional conditions at «Fergana chemical factory» where produced the expering cationites party of the pilot batch sulphonicationitc SKDF. The obtained experimental of sulphocationitc SKDF it was sent for testing under production conditions in water softening processes in boiler shops of JSC «Qo’qonsupcrfosfat», JSC «Qo’qonspirt» and LLC «Sarbon Baraka Biznes». Sulphocationitc was also tested in the process of purification of industrial circulating water at JSC «Uzmctkombinat». The expected economic effect from the implementation of obtained sulphocationitc in purification and softening drainage water JSC «Uzmctkombinat» showed 330 million soums per year.