Разработка патоморфологической диагностики и мер борьбы смешанных бактериальных болезней телят и ягнят

Аннотация

The actuality and necessity of the theme of the dissertation. Today the spread of bacterial diseases of cattle is 16.2% and mixed bacterial diseases is 10,9 percent in the world. Therefore, it is important to use resource-saving, import-substituting and exportable medicinal agents in order to prevent livestock diseases and antidiseases effort. It have been implementing large scale measures on decreasing of mixed bacterial diseases of cattle, especially, calves and lambs, their treatment, prevention and anti-diseases effort. It is very important to raise the number of heads of cattle, to increase efficiency, to get healthy calves and lambs, to care properly, to prevent from different diseases in state, local and private farms in order to developing and increasing the efficiency of livestock, which is the main sector of agriculture. Infectious diseases including pasteurellosis, salmonellosis and colibacillosis among young animals are still grand problem of cattle breeding. Shortage of biological and chemical drugs in the sphere of veterinary medicine complicates this problem more and is becoming the cause of large spreading of aforementioned infectious diseases. Researches on pathomorphological diagnostics of mixed types of pasteurellosis, salmonellosis and colibacillosis among young cattle, their treatment and prevention measures’ issues arc not implemented enough by today. Especially, it is important to produce local drugs in order to diagnose, treat and prevent these mixed diseases of young animals on time. In case of operative diagnosing of mixed types of pasteurellosis, salmonellosis and colibacillosis among young cattle, these diseases will be prevented and in result, the heads of cattle will be increased and the quality of dairy and meat products will be improved. At present, operative diagnosing of mixed bacterial diseases of calves and lambs, at the same time researches directed on decreasing energy, materials and resources in treatment and preventing of diseases and improvement of labour efficiency arc actual tasks. This dissertation work will serve to the implementation of Uzbekistan Republic Presidential Rcsolution#PK-842 “On additional measures on motivation of increasing the number of cattle in private subsidiary, dekhkan and local farms as well as expanding the production of cattle husbandry products” from April 21, 2008 and assigned tasks of the new edition of the Law#397 of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Veterinary” from December 29, 2015, at certain extent. The purpose of the study is developing of measures on identifying mixed cases of common colibactcriosis, salmonellosis and pasteurellosis diseases among cattle, diagnosing, and treatment. Scientific novelty of the research is as follows: • mixed cases of different types of pathogen agents of diseases in farm animals, their spread, epizootic conditions as well as illnesses in natural conditions have been determined for the first time in our republic; • clinical signs, pathologicoanatomic and pathohistological changes of each disease and results of bacteriological tests have been performed; • it’s been developed timely diagnose and differential diagnostics for mixed bacterial diseases for calves and lambs; • it’s been invented same time treatment method for colibactcriosis, salmonellosis and pasteurellosis diseases; • results of mixed bacterial diseases (pasteurellosis and diplococcus) of calves and lambs have been developed. CONCLUSIONS 1. It’s recorded that, the level of spreading of mixed bacterial diseases (colibacillosis, salmonellosis, pasteurellosis and diplococcus) of young animals are following: in calves - 21.4%, in lambs - up to 27.5 %, at livestock farms of Uzbekistan. 2. It’s notable that, mixed bacterial diseases among calves are following: colibacteriosis + salmonellosis - up to 30%, colibactcriosis + pasteurellosis - up to 25%, diplococcus +pasteurcllosis - up to 18%; these parameters arc following in lambs: colibactcriosis + salmonellosis - up to 35%, pasteurellosis + diplococcus - up to 25% pastcurcllosis+ colibactcriosis -up to 28,7%. 3. It’s desirable to pay attention to that fact, that, mixed types of bacterial diseases occurred in calves and lambs of the farms of Kashkadarya, Navoiy, Samarkand, Bukhara and Jizzakh regions and Republic of Karakalpakstan. 4. It’s recommended to pay attention to following pathomorphological changes in calves and lambs with pasteurellosis, salmonellosis and colibacillosis diseases: increase in the overall reactions of blood vessels, edema formation, hemorrhages in mucous membranes of the intestines and catarrhal-hemorrhagic inflammations, spotted hemorrhages in parenchyma of livers and kidneys, development of catarrhal haemorrhagic croupous necrotizing pneumonia foci in lungs. 5. It’s advisable to pay attention to the following pathomorphological changes in calves and lambs with pasteurellosis and colibacillosis diseases: hemorrhages in all parenchymatous organs, catarrhal fibrinous pneumonia in lungs and fullness of blood vessels, edemas, appearing of catarrhal-hcmorrhagicgastrocntcritis in stomach and intestines. 6. In case of infection of calves and lambs with mixed pasteurellosis and salmonellosis, pathologicoanatomical changes were very deep and complex, and in most cases, it can be observed symptoms of both diseases in the organs of animals, also it should be noticed, that, accumulation of abdominal fibrin exudate, necrosis of lobar pneumonia pleuropneumonia arc signs of pasteurellosis; catarrhal-hemorrhagic inflammations in stomach and intestines, blood congestion in liver, kidney, spleen and rennet, hemorrhages, dystrophic changes, appearing of parathyphoidlymph arc signs of salmonellosis; severity or mildness of pathological process depends on virulence of the pathogens. 7. In diagnosing of disease, firstly, it’s recommended to identify causes of the disease, epizootic data, and based on clinical signs and pathologicoanatomical as well as results of bacteriological tests. 8. It’s recommended to inject axillary 1 ml hyperimmune scrum fori kg of live weight in treatment of bacterial diseases (pasteurellosis, salmonellosis and colibacillosis) against pasteurellosis, salmonellosis and colibacillosis of in calves, sheep, lambs and piglets. 9. In prevention of micd bacterial diseases (pasteurellosis and diplococcus) of calves, sheep and lambs, it’s recommended to inject calves subcutaneous with GOA formolatcd vaccine against these diseases two times; 3 ml in the first time and 3 ml in the second time and by the difference of 14 days and same vaccine injection for lambs: 2 ml in the first time and 3 ml in the second time and by the difference of 14 days 10. In order to prevent mixed bacterial diseases, it’s strongly recommended to use multivalent radio vaccine against pasteurellosis, salmonellosis and colibacillosis diseases of calves and lambs and vaccine associated against pasteurellosis + diplococcus diseases of calves and lambs on timely basis. Both vaccines originated in VRI. 11. If mixed diseases will be diagnosed by complex method on timely basis, it will be possible to treat andprevent these diseases.