Совершенствование племенных и продуктивных качеств, адаптации голштинской и флегфих симменитальской пород в условиях Узбекистана

Аннотация

In the world of livestock considered to be one of the main sectors of agriculture, and it is important in providing the population with meat and dairy products and other types of food. As a result of the investigate of new innovative technologies of modem cattle milk yields in the USA Holstein cows rised to 9500 kg, in the Netherlands, Germany and other European countries rised to 8000-9000 kg, the fat quantity increased by 4.6 % . Nowadays, the country carried out a number of measures to strengthen the base of cattle breeding farms, breeding of pedigree cattle, increasing the numbers of cattle and productivity. In improvement of livestock and improving the breeding base of cattle breeds the improvers Holstein and Simmcntal flcgfih types of cows are important. Delivery of different genotypes of pedigree cattle and their effective utilization, adapting to the conditions of a hot climate, the development and identification of productive qualities, formation of genetic productivity features and breeding plants and highly productive herds arc great scientific and practical importance. However, productive qualities of imported German, Slovenian and Chinese Holstein and flegfih Simmental breeds, adaptation to the hot climate and the detection of biological characteristics, improvement of herds, the formation of new highly groups increase their genetic productive capacity are not enough to carry out scientific researches. The milk yield of cows Simmcntal flegfih breed high and is not inferior to that recorded at home. Revealed economically useful properties of Holstein dairy cattle in the territories, and in the foothills - Simmcntal flegfih cattle breed, and also improved their breeding and productive qualities. Formation of the pedigree and selection groups of herds in breeding farms is actual today. In particular, on march 23, 2006 the Decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan for №PP-308 «About measures for stimulation of increase in cattle in private, farmer and livestock farms» and april 21, 2008 «Personal subsidiary farms, cattle farms and stimulating the increase expand the production of livestock products, additional measures» resolution №PP-842 livestock development strategies. The aim of the research improvement of adaptive, purc-strain and productive characteristics of imported Holstein and Flckvich Simmcntal stocks of different genotype manifestation of genetic potential of their milk productivity in cattle-breeding farms. Scientific novelty of dissertation work consists of the follow ing: in traditional technological conditions of keeping and feeding on in cattle breeding farmsteads for the first time were determined pedigree, productive and biologic characteristics of Holstein cows of Chinese, German and Slovenic selection; in foothill zone of dairy- meat cattle breeding adaptive, economic-biologic characteristics of Flckvich Simmcntal breed of different genotypes were determined; in the process of studies have identified features of display pedigree, productive and adaptive qualities of improved cows under the new climatic conditions; the relation genotype- environment and the formation of phenotypic selection features were proved. effective methods of selection and breeding, making it possible to improve pedigree and productive and also biological qualities of imported cows of Holstein and Flckvich Simmcntal breeds of different zonal and constitutional types were worked out. CONCLUSIONS 1. At present there were built more than400 purc-strain farmsteads with more than 100 thousand heads of cattle, including 34 thousand of cows in our republic. However such condition of pedigree basis doesn’t answer the requirements on reproduction of pedigree herd. Cows’ milk yield in pedigree farmsteads on average made about 2870 kg. It is necessary to solve this problem at the expense of imported cows of improving strains and rearing them in cleanliness. 2. Import of Holstein cows of Chinese selection and rearing them in cleanliness was conducted in live stork farms. They were very well adapted to natural-climatic conditions of the Republic. Service -period of cows and intercalve arc optimal shaped. Metabolism level, oxidorcduction processes and protective function of animals took place more intensively in summer period on comparison with winter (P>0.99). 3. Milk yield of cows in traditional technological conditions of cattle-breeding farms was increased with the age (P>0.95). Correlation coefficient of selection signs was highly positive. Proportional constitution testifies to forming of dairy type and strong constitution. 4. Holstein cows of German selection of different constitutional types in the conditions of keeping in a lightly constructed buildings of half-opened type, in boxes, and on natural pasture feeding ground, on optimal level of the same type of feeding showed the character of forming of physiologic properties and milk productivity. Milk yield of cows of gentle constitution in adaptation period was preserved on one and the same level. At the same conditions milk yield of cows of strong constitution was increased (P>0,99-0,999). Relation of selection signs in them was highly positive. Dairy type cows was forming proportionally, morpho-functional properties of udder correspond to requirements of mechanical milking. 5. Cows of different constitutional types differ on biological properties in favor of strong constitution. Index of heat tolerance in cows of gentle constitution getting low than strong’s (P>0,95). In indices of metabolism, oxdorestoration processes and organism’s protection function also there were some differences in favor of cows of strong constitution (P>0,95). Cases of leg and udder diseases increased in cows of gentle constitution was increased. Research work was formed group of selection herd and choose strong cow constitution. 6.In Holstein cows of Slovenic and German selection in optimal conditions of keeping and levels of full-bodied feeding the character of forming of phenotype indices of cows of similar genotype was revealed (P>0,99-0,999). Parents index of cows’ productivity of similar genotypes was high in Slovenic selection: At these levels of mothers’ productivity daughters’ milk yield on the level of high phenotypes made low. 7.Stress-factor of summer and winter ccologic conditions influenced in different degree on physiological condition of animals. So, heat tolerance index in cows of Slovenic selection of different phenotypes ranged (P>0,95). It was determined superiority in cows of high phenotype. Stress-factor in summer and winter periods have significant negative influence on cows with low phenotypes, than with high ones (P>0,99). These factors testified that it is necessary to search best genotypes among the best phenotypes. 8. In natural-climatic conditions of foothill zone imported cows of Flckvich Simmcntal breed demonstrated their economic-useful properties as in their own motherland. Keeping them in capital buildings, in boxes, and on pasture feeding ground, full-bodied, of the same type of feeding contributed to manifestation of productivities genetic potential. Milk yield of different genotype in I-lactation reached than standard type. In summer and winter periods cows’ clinical indices passed at the level of physiologic norm. Heat tolerance index was in high points. It is observed rise of hacmothologic indices in summer on comparison with winter ones. This types of purc-strain herd were formed in foothills. 9. Fulfillment of scientific-research work was ended by high economic effectiveness. Thus, in traditional technologic conditions of keeping and feeding in cattle breeding farms from Holstein cows of Chinese selection obtained level of profitability made 26-30%; in keeping in lightly constructed buildings, in boxes, and on the same types of feeding on from Holstein cows of German selection respectively made 35-36%,in optimal conditions of keeping and feeding on Holstein cows of Slovenic and German selection on forming of different phenotypes, respectively obtained profitability 62%; in foothill-zones in optimal conditions of keeping and feeding from Flckvich Simmcntal cows profitability made 58%.