INFLUENCE OF MICROBIAL FERTILIZERS ON MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND VALUABLE ECONOMIC CHARACTER OF CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.)

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION advisable to use bacterial fertilizers with the most Global climate change is causing water scarcity in active strains of the nodule bacteria on leguminous many territories of the world. Ensuring the food (mung bean, soybean, bean, lentil, pea) crops security of the population requires the wide (H.H.Zahran, 1991). implementation of high caloric crop types which are resistant to drought. Chickpea plant is When microbial fertilizers are used in the considered as one of such crops (Field CB, 2014). cultivation of leguminous crops, the microflora that The annual production of chickpeas worldwide mobilizes nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in reaches up to 15.0 million tons. Herein India’s the soil is activated. As a result, the plant will be makes up 73% (FAOSTAT). There are mainly two able to get the nutritional minerals it needs, not types of chickpeas in the market. They are Kabuli only during the application period, but also during and Desi. the entire vegetation period (D.M.Sytnikov 2012). Desi is cultivated in 75% of the whole chickpea Growth and development of leguminous plants is cultivation area in the world, and 25% of the area improved and productivity increases when they belongs to Kabuli ecotype (Kassie M., 2009). are treated with plant growth-accelerating Chickpea plant has types with large, small and rhizobacteria compared to the treatment of medium sized seeds, with different colors. leguminous plants with Rhizobium bacteria According to the size of seeds, they are divided into separately (M.S.Dardanelli, 2008; M.Yadegari 2 groups: large-grained (12 x 9 mm) and small- 2010). Microbial fertilizers obtained on the basis of grained types. The kabuli type of chickpeas has azotobacters increase the germination of seeds and large white grains, while the grains of desi type absorption of nutrients in plants . Moreover, it plant are small, dark in colour (A.Frimpong, 2009). accelerates the synthesis of protein and amino acids, benefits the growth of crops and helps Chickpea plant grain occupies an important place restore soil fertility (A.D.Jnawali, 2015). in the human diet. It contains protein, carbohydrate, folate, β-carotene, minerals, Application of Rhizobium and Azotobacter strains vitamins and fatty acids necessary for human together on chickpea plants increased the amount health (A.K.Jukanti, 2012). of nitrogen in the roots and grain yield as well (A. Abdiev, 2019; A. Siddiq, 2014). A number of microbial fertilizers are used in the cultivation of legumes. One of these are microbial In addition, there are microbial fertilizers obtained fertilizers based on Rhizobium strains. on the basid of Trichoderma fungi types. Trichoderma species are symbiotically associated Rhizobium bacteria is effective in increasing the with the apoplastic part of plant roots and directly yield of leguminous plants and soil fertility . It is affect the plant. It has a positive effect on the https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajabe 33 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (ISSN – 2689-1018) VOLUME 06 ISSUE10 germination of seeds, absorption of substances and availability of mobile phosphorus is on average 30- increases productivity (B.N.Singh 2015). 38 mg/kg (D.E.Qulmamatova, 2022). Microbial fertilizers affect physiological and In the Malkhotra variety of chickpea, physiological biochemical processes in plants, improve plant indicators were determined during the period of growth and development, and serve to increase general flowering of plants. crop productivity. Based on this, the aim of the Extraction and determination of pigment research is to study the effect of microbial concentration: Amount of pigments in leaves of fertilizers on the change of the chickpea plant samples were determined in the morphophysiological and valuable economic experiment, i.e. 3-4 leaves, calculating from the characteristics of the chickpea plant. glineth point. Fifty milligrams of each leaf sample, MATERIALS AND METHODS placed in a test tube, obtained homogenization in 5 ml of 95% ethyl alcohol solution (Lichtenthaler and Malkhotra variety of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) a Wellburn, a 1983). The homogenization seed was used in the field experiments. Rhizobium underwent centrifugation at a speed of 5000 rpm 3 and Rhizobium 9 preparations were obtained for 12 min. The amount of chlorophyll a, b and from the collection of the Department of carotenoids in the resulting extract attained Microbiology and Biotechnology, National determination by an Agilent Cary 60 UV-Vis University of Uzbekistan. PlantaStim (Trichoderma spectrophotometer at 664, 649 and 470 nm. Based Lignorum) was obtained from private company of on these indicators, the following equations were AnGuzal Agroservice, Uzbekistan. used in calculating the amounts of chlorophyll a, b Field experiments were conducted in 2021 and and carotenoids in chickpea leaves (Nayek et al., 2022 to study the effect of Rhizobium 3,