MOLECULAR PATHWAYS AND GENE REGULATION IN ABSCISIC ACID BIOSYNTHESIS AND FUNCTION IN CARNATION FLOWERS

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION Abscisic acid (ABA) is a vital plant hormone that ABA biosynthesis in plants involves complex plays a central role in regulating various pathways that convert carotenoids into ABA physiological processes, including stress through a series of enzymatic reactions. Key responses, developmental transitions, and enzymes in this process include 9-cis- reproductive success. In flowering plants such as epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases (NCEDs) and carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus), ABA is critical abscisic aldehyde oxidases (AAOs), which are for maintaining floral quality and resilience under pivotal in the conversion of precursors to ABA. The environmental stress conditions. Despite its regulation of these biosynthetic enzymes is tightly importance, the detailed molecular pathways and controlled by various genetic and environmental gene regulation mechanisms underlying ABA factors, influencing ABA levels and its subsequent biosynthesis and function in carnation flowers physiological effects. Understanding these remain poorly understood. pathways in carnation flowers is crucial, as it can https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajhfr 1 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND FLORICULTURE RESEARCH (ISSN – 2689-0976) VOLUME 06 ISSUE10 lead to insights into how ABA regulates flower employed a multi-faceted approach integrating development, stress tolerance, and overall plant transcriptomic analysis, biochemical assays, and health. gene expression profiling. This comprehensive methodology was designed to elucidate the key Recent advancements in molecular biology and enzymes and regulatory genes involved in ABA genomics provide tools to dissect these pathways metabolism and its impact on floral development in greater detail. Transcriptomic analyses have and stress responses. enabled the identification and characterization of genes involved in ABA biosynthesis and signaling, Carnation flowers (Dianthus caryophyllus), known revealing intricate networks of gene interactions for their economic and ornamental significance, and regulatory mechanisms. By investigating these were cultivated under controlled greenhouse molecular pathways, we can uncover how specific conditions. The plants were grown in a standard genes regulate ABA production and action, and soil mix with adequate water and nutrients, and how these processes are integrated into the were maintained at optimal temperature and light broader physiological context of floral conditions to ensure healthy growth and flower development. development. Flower tissues were harvested at various stages of development and under different This study aims to elucidate the molecular stress conditions to capture a wide range of ABA- pathways and gene regulation involved in ABA related responses. biosynthesis and function in carnation flowers. By integrating biochemical, genetic, and To identify and quantify the genes involved in ABA transcriptomic approaches, we seek to map the key biosynthesis and signaling, we performed RNA enzymes and regulatory genes, and to understand sequencing (RNA-Seq) on flower tissues. Total RNA their roles in ABA-mediated processes. The was extracted using a commercial RNA extraction findings from this research will contribute to a kit, and its quality was assessed using a deeper understanding of ABA biology in carnations Bioanalyzer. RNA-Seq libraries were prepared and and may have practical implications for improving sequenced using a high-throughput sequencing flower quality and stress tolerance through genetic platform. The resulting sequence data were and agronomic interventions. processed and analyzed using bioinformatics tools to identify differentially expressed genes and to