VIEWS OF POLITICAL CONFLICTS BY WESTERN THINKERS

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION tendency to violence are not excluded. Plato and The issue of political conflict has attracted people's Aristotle were the first to condemn political attention since ancient times. You can find many conflict. Plato, in his dialogue-like work "The literary sources and art monuments that have State", approached political conflicts in a stratified come down to us about political conflicts. manner and divided violence and wars into "just" The ancient Greek philosopher Heraclitus believed and "unjust" groups. [2. С.50-51] that everything in the world is caused by enmity According to Aristotle, quarrels and conflicts are and enmity. conflicts, in his opinion, were caused by the inequality of people in property evaluated as an important feature, an ownership and respect, as well as vices such as indispensable condition of public life, because arrogance, fear, indifference to each other, the use conflict, including war, "is the father and king of of tricks, dissimilarity of character, excessive everything." [1. ru.] praise of some individuals and humiliation of The ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus believed others. originates [3. С.50-51]. that the disasters associated with endless wars In the Middle Ages, collectivization meant would eventually force people to live in perpetual subordinating a person, an individual, to a feudal peace. state, a peasant community, a craft workshop, a Famous thinkers of antiquity, Plato and Aristotle, merchant guild, a knighthood, or a monastic order. also paid attention to the issue of political conflict. Only by the end of the Middle Ages did According to them, a person is a creature with a individualism emerge as a force. It is expressed in collective nature, and an individual is only a Western European humanism, the postulates of component of a community. Human characteristics Protestant Christians, the doctrine of natural law allow him to understand and cooperate with other and the social contract, as well as in the ideas of people. At the same time, enmity, hatred and a early liberalism. Thomas More, Erasmus of https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajiir 40 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY INNOVATIONS AND RESEARCH (ISSN- 2642-7478) VOLUME 06 ISSUE09 Rotterdam, Francis Bacon and other humanists created by God, religious philosophy developed a strongly condemned the social disorder and blood special doctrine called "Justification of God" or feuds of the Middle Ages. [4. С.77-95]. They "Theodecy". The essence of this teaching was to believed that peace and harmony among people is find out how there are various conflicts in the a crucial factor for development [5. С.188-194]. world where there is a good and powerful God: global disasters, brutal wars, deceit, human misery Even in the Middle Ages, when representatives of and suffering. All this, G. In Heine's words, the Christian religion put forward their view of "accursed questions" were among the sources of humanity based on the idea that everyone is equal impiety and genius. Therefore, various attempts to before God, it was impossible to achieve answer these questions, which began in the early permanent peace between people, moreover, they days of Christianity, have not stopped even today. believed that conflicts would continue not only between believers and non-believers, but also To such questions, one of the Christian theologians, between representatives of the same religion. Tertullian, answered that God's nature and Erasmus of Rotterdam says in this regard: "The structure do not obey the human mind, and most absurd thing is that Jesus Christ himself exists therefore we have no choice but to blindly believe on both sides, as if he were fighting with himself." in him. "I believe, because it is nonsense", [8. С.448] [6.]. he used to say. The issue of political conflicts can also be seen in Aurelius Augustine in his work "The Divine City" is the views of Dante, one of the representatives of not the process itself, but its purpose [9. С.204] Italian humanism. Dante dreamed of an Italy says. That is, it states that if all human needs are where the peoples of the country could unite and satisfied, then he should not allow conflict. live happily in a just state free from conflicts, a Niccolò Machiavelli evaluated the political conflict society where religion and the church did not as a general sign of society arising from human interfere in state affairs. [7. С.302]. He especially weakness and was the first to propose a systematic hates the self-interested and traitors who analysis of political conflicts. [10. С.80]. In the carelessly treat the life of the people, and the process of analyzing Machiavelli's thoughts, it can nobles who disturb the peace and increase mutual be understood that as long as the goals of the conflicts. The political conflicts intensified, the members of the society are different based on their struggle between the bourgeois class and the capabilities, the el