О знаменитом историке-медиевисте Розии Галиевне Мукминовой

Аннотация

Ключевые слова: В данной статье описан жизненный путь, научная мировая война, деятельность и вклад в развитие области исторической средневековое общество, науки известного историка-медиевиста Розии Галиевны медиевисты, Мукминовой. ремесленники, Средняя Азия, Вакфнома, Шайбони, Тимуриды. The famous historian and scientist Mukminova Roziya Galiyevna was born on December 31, 1922. Her father was Mukminov Gali Mirgaliyevich, a servant. Her mother, Mukminova Khadicha Shigabiddinovna, was a housewife. In 1939, Mukminova graduated from high school with excellent grades and was admitted to the Faculty of History of the Central Asian State University. At this university, young students would get to know in detail the distant and recent periods of history, the complex and attractive aspects for the first time. While studying at the university, she was lucky to listen to meaningful lectures of many famous scientists evacuated to Tashkent during the Second World War like S.V. Bakhrushin, V.I. Belyayev, B.D. Grekov, M.V. Nechkina, I.P. Petrushevsky, E.M. Peshcherova, A.Y. Yakubovsky and M.S. Andreev, A.A. Semenov. She mastered all subjects during her student years. In 1944, Mukminova graduated from this faculty with honors, and in 1944 she was admitted to postgraduate studies at the newly established Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. In this period, one of the most important and urgent issues of the science of history was to study the history of Central Asia in more detail. This, in turn, required the training of mature specialists in the history of Central Asia. Based on this need, R.G. Mukminova was sent to Leningrad – a major center of Oriental studies. Here she met the great scholar of the history of medieval society I.P. Petrushevsky and conducted scientific research under the leadership of him. In 1949 young researcher defended successfully her candidate's thesis at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (Leningrad) on the topic "The Struggle between Timurids and Shaybani for Movarunnahr". Official opponents – A.Y. Yakubovsky and N.D. Miklukho-Maclays highly appreciated the scientist's research. A scientist who started her scientific career as a junior researcher at the History Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan later worked as a senior researcher, department head, and head of the research group at the same institution. The history of agrarian relations was one of the issues that has found its scientific description by scientists in recent years. In 1966 her monograph was out of print: "From the history of agrarian relations of 16th century Uzbekistan, based on the materials of the "Vaqfnoma". In it, the researcher was able to prove, based on documentary evidence, the characteristic features of the vaqf institution, the gradual growth of the vaqf economy, especially during the Shaybani and Ashtarkhani eras, and the cases of illegal acquisition of the vaqf lands by persons who had a high position in the studied period. 92 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 07 (2024) / ISSN 2181-1415 Later, the scientist was able to collect concrete materials related to the life and activities of craftsmen, who were a large layer of medieval society, and by critical studying she wrote her doctoral dissertation on the topic of "XVI century crafts of Samarkand and Bukhara" in 1971. One of the major issues in Mukminova's scientific work is the history of Uzbekistan's cities. Based on the research of written sources, as well as archeological and ethnographic materials, and museum exhibits she made a great contribution to the study of the history of cities such as Samarkand, Bukhara, and Tashkent, which are famous commercial, economic and cultural center of Central Asia. The researcher was one of the main authors of such works as "History of Samarkand" (1969), "History of Bukhara" (1976), and "History of Tashkent" (1988), which were warmly welcomed by the scientific community. The main issues such as the economy and socio-political life in the cities of Uzbekistan in the Middle Ages were covered in the parts written by the scholar. She was also the author of the scientist's work "Tashkent four centuries ago" (1984). In 1976, the historian-scientist published "Snapshots from the history of handicrafts of 16th century Samarkand and Bukhara" aimed at researching the problems related to handicrafts, which played an important role in the life of medieval society. Her work was brought to the attention of the scientific community. This work was highly appreciated by the scientific community, including the famous Oriental scholar K.Z. Ashrafyan: "This book not only enriches our imagination of the medieval city but also shows the ways of future concrete research on the economic and social history of Eastern countries". In 1985, as a result of the continuation of the scientist's research on the history