ABOUT UZBEKISTAN POTTERY ART

Аннотация

In this article, the characteristics of the emergence of the art and activity of ceramics, the development of scientists and artists who created in this direction were explained in detail with scientific examples and opinions. Key words: Artistic pottery, Kashgar, gilbota, European equivalents, Architectural art, Denov masters. О ГОНЧАРНОМ ИСКУССТВЕ УЗБЕКИСТАНА Аннотация. В данной статье с научными примерами и мнениями подробно объяснены особенности возникновения искусства и деятельности керамики, развитие ученых и художников, творивших в этом направлении. Ключевые слова: Художественная керамика, Кашгар, гильбота, европейские аналоги, Архитектурное искусство, мастера Денов. The world will be changed and renewed on the basis of the creativity of the people, the knowledge and thinking of the geniuses, and the high spirituality. They are masters of applied art and designers who have been engaged in the profession of creating and decorating items that have been formed in the creativity of folk art since ancient times, and have visited and studied various schools in this field. Among them, the creators of craft art are the artists who were able to bring their work to the level of art, scientific thinking and professions. Cups, bowls, plates, teapots, vases, jugs, persimmons, bowls, ornaments and other pottery- ceramic items of Central Asia, decorated with flowers and dots with an extremely elegant and beautiful shape, have been used since ancient times. attracted the attention of the world. Because the ceramic products of the masters of applied art of Central Asia are liked by representatives of all nationalities of the world because of their ease of construction, sound, polished natural colors, flowers and symbols of nature, and extremely delicate artistic images. Because "Art is a nation and a person does not choose."Pottery is one of the types of applied folk art, and it belongs to the field of crafts that makes various objects, dishes, building materials from clay. The main raw material in pottery is natural clay, and the longer the clay is baked, the better the quality of the pottery. The art of tiling, which is the decorative art of pottery, has developed widely in the architecture of Central Asia. There are many main schools and centers of pottery in our country. Rishton, Bukhara, Gurumsaray, Tashkent, Khorezm, Samarkand and Kashkadarya pottery schools can be counted. These pottery schools differ from each other in the way of making products, patterns, colors and finishes. The art of pottery was highly developed in ancient Egypt, Assyria, Babylon, Greece and China. Pottery is made from porcelain, earthenware and majolica, which are called ceramics and ceramics. The term art pottery originated in the late 19th century and is generally used only for pottery produced from that period onwards. It is used for ceramics that are produced in a factory setting, but are produced in relatively small quantities using skilled workers under at least close 5 5 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2024 VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 10 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ supervision of a designer or artistic director. Studio ware is a step forward that must be produced on a smaller scale with the hands-on involvement of the artist-potter who performs most or most of the production steps. The most important countries producing artistic ceramics were England and France, soon followed by the United States. American art pottery shares many similarities, but some differences, with their European equivalents. This term is not often used outside the Western world, only "folk pottery", often used in some villages. A rare field of ceramics is the branch of porcelain production. The process of applying a colorless glaze to a ceramic object, which is usually painted with paint, is called gilding, and it developed strongly in East Asia. It is said that this craft appeared in the Rishton district of Uzbekistan in the middle of the 19th century. Only at the end of the 19th century, due to the increase in the price of Chinese porcelain with blue patterns, the demand for this product increased. As a result, local artisans who were making their own products similar to Chinese products began to make the dishes with markings similar to those used on "porcelain" products. This has led to the increase of products called "porcelain" in the country. But as a result of the competition of this industry with Russian porcelain products, the production of the industry decreased somewhat. According to the masters, 40 quartz (sang) or another 10% clay should be added to 60% clay to make porcelain. The creation of the network is connected with the name of master brothers Jalil and Kuri Abdujalil. According to the information that has reached us, master Jalil goes to Kashgar and learns the secrets of glazing and making porcelain clay. Some people suggest that Master Quri Abdujalil went to Mashhad and Kashgar to trade and mastered t