CLINICAL AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF CHILDREN BORN PREMATURELY

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION children born at term. Preterm newborns have an Although advances in high-risk obstetric and increased risk of repeated hospitalizations during neonatal care have led to improved survival of the first few years of life and more frequent preterm infants, many studies have documented outpatient care [5]. Conditions leading to poor the prevalence of a wide range of health include reactive airway disease or asthma, neurodevelopmental disorders in preterm infants recurrent infections, and stunted growth. The [1]. The spectrum of neurodevelopmental youngest and immature infants have the highest disorders includes cerebral palsy, mental risk of health problems and impaired mental retardation, visual and hearing impairments, and development [2]. Limited data on the impact of more subtle dysfunctions of the central nervous prematurity on families suggest that caring for a system. These dysfunctions include language premature infant has negative and positive effects disorders, learning disabilities, attention deficit that change over time, that these effects extend into hyperactivity disorder, minor neuromotor adolescence and are influenced by various dysfunction or developmental coordination environmental factors over time, and that many disorders, behavioral problems, and social- areas of the family feel well. -substance is affected emotional difficulties [3]. Preterm infants are more [6]. The prevalence of neuropsychiatric likely to have lower IQs and academic achievement, developmental and health disorders varies. This is have greater difficulty in school, and require not surprising given the multiple etiologies and significantly more educational support than https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajmspr 33 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH (ISSN – 2689-1026) VOLUME 06 ISSUE08 complications of preterm birth and the variability Purpose of the study: To study the clinical and in both the intrauterine and extrauterine neurophysiological features of children born environments to which fetuses and children born prematurely prematurely are exposed [4]. Scientists of modern METHODS pediatrics, pediatric neurology, and pediatric neurorehabilitation have made great progress in The use was conducted on the basis of Samaakand the field of medicine dealing with the consequences State Medical University, in the department of of perinatal damage to the central nervous system neonatology from 2021 to 2023, 69 premature (CNS) in children. The main task of specialists is babies were examined, and the children were conditioned by the prevention of disability divided into two groups depending on the birth formation from childhood [1, 5]. Over the past weight: 1- children weighing from 2 to 2.5 kg (40 decade, researchers have argued that the basis of children), 2- children weighing from 1.5 to 2 kg (29 all CNS lesions in children is initially based on a children). All children had gestational periods from variety of morphofunctional shifts in the brain 34-36 weeks. The main methods of research in the associated with individual neuroontogenesis [2, 6]. work were standard examinations by a If we consider all disorders associated with hypoxic neonatologist and neurologist, at the birth of the CNS disorders as a consequence of perinatal child and observation in the dynamics; the rules of damage, a variety of disorders is noted, including diagnosis with the use of scales to identify delayed motor development up to the formation of developmental limitations were followed. cerebral palsy, delayed psycho-speech Additional methods of research, as the gold development, cognitive deficiency, seizure standard, is neurosonography. Amplitude- syndromes, hydrocephalus, attention deficit and integrated EEG (aEEG) was performed on patients hyperactivity disorder, visual and auditory deficits, selectively. All research methods were performed dysythonia [3, 7]. Literature sources of recent with written permission of the parents (or years, indicate that the formation involves not only mother). The need for evidence of this study, a cerebral changes at the level of cells, but also the group of children (healthy) born at term and no formation of destructive diffusion in the area of the problems during labor was created, the group of blood-brain barrier, and this occurs instantly (a children was selected by the same pattern of few minutes), or in the subsequent stage with slow standard examination and scales to detect the progression [4]. This fact leads to the cause of complete well-being of the infant 2- (26). Various release of neurospecific factors into the blood that neurological complications are possible as a result leads to neuro-conflict or pathomechanical of premature birth, so to clarify the impact of low triggering of the autoimmune process in the CNS birth weight and underdevelopment of the brain directly related to cell migration, which is and the whole organism, the ob