Значение международных медико-санитарных норм в регулировании вопросов охраны здоровья

Аннотация

Ключевые слова: В данной статье рассматриваются роль и значение международные медико- медико-санитарных норм ММСП, история их санитарные правила, возникновения и особенности. Определены цели и сфера международный договор, применения ММСП, а также значение понятия здравоохранение, право, «чрезвычайная ситуация в области общественного чрезвычайная ситуация, здравоохранения международного значения». Рассмотрены ВОЗ, различия между ММСП 1969 года и ММСП 2005 года. инфекционные Проанализированы положительные тенденции ММСП, а заболевания, также выявлены недостатки и проблемы в реализации государства-участники, сотрудничество, требований. В заключительной части статьи представлены Республика Узбекистан. выводы и предложения по совершенствованию ММСП. There are a great many infectious diseases in the world today, and at all times they have been the main enemies of man. History knows many examples of the devastating effects of smallpox, plague, cholera, typhus, dysentery, measles, and influenza. Contagious diseases appeared on Earth even before man. Humanity faced this problem back in the prehistoric period. Viruses and bacteria destroyed millions of people, and there were no means of protection until almost the last century. It should be emphasized that the infectious process is one of the most complex biological processes in nature, and infectious diseases are formidable destructive factors for human society, causing enormous economic damage to it. Of course, the main role in regulating cooperation between States in the fight against infectious diseases belongs to WHO. The original International Health Regulations (IHR) were adopted in 1969, but their foundations can be traced back to the mid-19th century, when measures were taken to combat the cross-border spread of plague, yellow fever, smallpox and especially cholera with minimal interference in world trade. In 1951, WHO issued its first rules for the prevention of infectious diseases, the International Sanitary Rules. In 1969 they were revised into the "International Health Regulations", which dealt with six diseases: cholera, plague, recurrent typhus, smallpox, typhoid fever and yellow fever." [1]. In 1973, at the twenty-sixth session of the World Health Assembly, it amended the cholera issues. Due to the emergence of new infectious diseases in subsequent sessions, WHO member States felt the need to revise the IHR. The International Health Regulations (IHR) is an international treaty establishing binding global rules in the field of public health in order to enhance health safety at the national, regional and international levels. They were adopted at the 58th session of the World Health Assembly on May 23, 2005, entered into force in 2007 and are binding on WHO member countries. [2]. One of the most important aspects of the IHR 2005 is the establishment of a global surveillance system for public health emergencies of international importance. The IHR 2005 expands the scope of the rules, strengthens WHO's authority in the field of surveillance and response, contains stricter surveillance and response obligations, and applies human rights principles to public health interventions [3]. 207 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Issue – 5 № 1 (2024) / ISSN 2181-1415 The IHR provides a comprehensive legal framework defining the rights and responsibilities of countries in relation to public health actions and emergencies that potentially cross borders. As one of the basic documents of WHO, the rules are designed to help the global community in preventing the spread of diseases and taking response measures. A design feature of the IHR (2005) was a dynamic, open to new infectious diseases, described in Appendix 2, which provides a scheme and algorithm for verifying emergency situations. All the qualitative characteristics of the IHR (2005) were designed for early, preventive, flexible, without cumbersome procedures, screening, monitoring and control of threats, the implementation of which posed a risk of emergency situations. All this is initially aimed at the high potential of the effectiveness of the IHR (2005), primarily in relation to modern, most dangerous threats and challenges, and especially new infectious diseases, the scale of the devastating consequences of which varied greatly prognostically, up to catastrophic for the international community. The syndrome approach is used here as an auxiliary part of emergency verification [4]. The IHR establishes fundamental global legal requirements for all countries regarding international coordination in identifying, investigating and responding to public health risks (and related issues); the rules require that all countries have the ability to identify, assess, report and respond to public health events. According to Article 1.1 of the IHR-2005 WHO defines any infection as a disease or health condition that threatens or may threaten human health, regardless of its source or origin