STUDY OF THE CYANIDATION REACTIONS OF ALIPHATIC AMINES

Аннотация

The article presents data on the synthesis of α-aminonitriles on the basis of ethylenediamine and a number of other secondary and primary aromatic amines. Acetone cyanohydrin, sodium, potassium and ammonium salts of cyanic acid were used as the cyaniding agent. Keywords: methylamine, ethylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, morpholine, piperidine, acetone cyanohydrin, sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide, ammonium cyanide, product yield, IR spectra. ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ РЕАКЦИЙ ЦИАНИРОВАНИЯ АЛИФАТИЧЕСКИХ АМИНОВ Аннотация. В статье приведены данные по синтезу α-аминонитрилов на основы алифатическими аминами. В роли цианирующего агента использованы ацетонциангидрин, натриевое, калиевое и аммониевое соли цианистой кислоты. Ключевые слова: метиламин, этиламин, диметиламин, диэтиламин, морфолин, пиперидин, ацетонциангидрин, натрий цианид, калий цианид, аммоний цианид, выход продукта, ИК-спектры. Entering. Today, in the world, it is very important to develop methods of targeted synthesis of new organic molecules with high biological activity, containing various functional groups, and to use them in practice. Aminonitriles and their modification products occupy an important place among such molecules. In this direction, it is important to create highly effective drugs that substitute for import and export, and further improve their biological properties. The use of chemical plant protection agents and plant-growing chemical compounds increases the resistance of plants to various diseases, ensures early ripening of crops, and creates the basis for increasing 340 ResearchBib IF-2023: 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Valume 1 Issue 7 ISSN: 3030-3753. VOLUME 1, ISSUE 2 productivity and obtaining high-quality products. We can include α-aminonitriles, nitrile derivatives of α-amino acids, which are very necessary for the life of living organisms, among plant-growing substances. Also, the α-aminonitrile fragment is found in various alkaloids, and the α-amidoacetonitrile group is an important fragment of new hypoglycemic drugs and promising pharmacological and agrochemical agents. Literature review Research in the field of chemistry and biology of aminonitriles began in the middle of the 19th century. In a number of countries of the world, researches with combinations of this class are being conducted intensively. In particular, foreign scientists - A. Strecker, T. Opatz, J.P. Hurvois, P. Galletti, D. Giacomini, A.M. Nauth, X. Feng, T. Kawasaki, N. Takamatsu, S.I. Murahashi, V.V. Zhdankin, H. Shen, C. Yan, M. Rueping, E.N. Jacobsen, C. Kunick, F. Fleming studied the synthesis, modification and application of aminonitriles. The development of this direction in our country was supported by H.M. Shakhidoyatov, N.D. Abdullayev, M.G. Levkovich, B. Tashkhodjayev, B.J. Elmuradov, V.A. Saprikina, T.F. With their research, Ibragimov and others have contributed to the synthesis, reactivity, chemical transformation of aminonitriles, their structure and biological activity. In the scientific literature [1,2] researches have been carried out with aminonitriles, but in this direction, the development of multicomponent one-pot synthesis (One-pot synthesis) methods of homologous series of aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic mono- and bis-aminonitriles, their various substitutions and coupling reactions, as well as information on syntheses of biologically active compounds among them is rare. Research Methodology When hydrogen cyanide (HC≡N) is added to aldehydes and ketones, it forms hydroxyalkanenitriles, commonly called cyanohydrins: The reaction mechanism can be roughly described as follows: the reaction consists of two stages, the first stage - a nucleophilic attack of the cyanide anion formed in an acidic environment of sodium cyanide on the carbonyl group, and a new alkoxide anion with a С-C bond is formed : 341 ResearchBib IF-2023: 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Valume 1 Issue 7 ISSN: 3030-3753. VOLUME 1, ISSUE 2 The second stage of the reaction is protonation, that is, the alkoxide anion is protonated under the influence of HCN, the cyanide anion is re-formed, and the process continues. The reaction of acetoncyanohydrin (ACH) with methylamine and ethylamine was carried out by stirring the mixture of reagents: ACH:Amine - 1:1 ratio in hexane solvent for 2-2.5 hours at room temperature. It was found that the nitrilation reaction is exothermic and ends in a relatively short time, and 2-methyl-2-(methylamino)propanenitrile (1) and 2-(ethylamino)-2- methylpropanenitrile (2) were synthesized with high yields: Exothermic progress of the reaction is expressed by the basicity of the amines obtained for the reaction and the high acidity of acetocyanohydrin. During the research, the reactions were carried out with secondary amines (dimethylamine and diethylamine) under the above conditions and the corresponding 2-(dimethylamino)-2- methylpropanenitrile (3) and 2-(diethylamino)-2-methylpropanenitrile (4) were obtained: It should be noted that the reactions proceeded v