Влияние дефицита воды на мелиоративное состояние геосистем и приемы их улучшения

Аннотация

Subjects of the research: irrigated and degraded parts of the geo-system of Syrdarya region. Aim of the research: determination the changes in the main features of irrigated geo-system of the Hunger Steppe under the condition of decrease in the Syrdarya River runoff and the development of ecological methods for improving their fertility. Methods of research: systematic-structural analysis, field research, field experiments, laboratory analysis, cartographic, agro-cosmic, working with educational aids and fund materials, exchange rates of water-salt and energy, geographic and geochemistry analysis, comparison. The results achieved and their novelty: On the basis of artificial water shortage in Syrdarya basin, water and salt exchange processes in irrigated lands of Syrdarya region were studied; on the basis of natural and anthropogenic features the decreasing quantity of productivity of irrigated lands and harvest was estimated; Salinity of irrigated geo-systems of Syrdarya region, agrochemical and changes in water-physic features were defined; the features of water -salt turnover in the agrolandscapes and soil-ameliorative processes were studied depending on natural factors and anthropogenic impact of the operation modes of the large reservoirs; productivity of using fito-ameliorants in the improvement of ameliorative condition was determined in field experiments. Practical value: dissertation results and scientific-methodical recommendations can be implemented in the department of Agriculture and Water Management, land cadastre and nature protection departments, in the processes of basin irrigation systems and working out processes of improvement of ameliorative conditions of lands as well as in education processes. Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the degree of the work was brought into extension in education process at Gulistan State University. The recommendations on the development of soil-ameliorative processes were given to the farmers of “Galaba” in Bayaut district. Fieid of application: departments of the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Management, scientific-research institutes, educational institutions, departments of amelioration service and farms.