Сравнительное морфологическое и анатомическое строение разногеномных видов рода Gossypium L.

Аннотация

Research objects: 22 species and one artificial between gcnomccal hybrid of Gossypium L. genus. The purpose of work: to study the tissues and structural marks during ontogenesis of investigated plants in order to define the origin of AD genome. Method of research: E.A.Kondratyev-Mcrvcl (1969) and M.G.Nikolaev and others (1985) methods were used in anatomic investigations, mathematical processing has been fulfilled by G.N. Zaytsev (1984, 1990) method. The received results and their novelties: 1. The clear deviation of seeds hair (into fibers and fluffs) in the species of genome A and wild ssp. mcxicanum (ADi) was defined. The presence of anomocytc type of stomata in the cpiderm outer tunicle in the wild cotton species of G. herbaceum and in ssp. mcxicanum of AD genome and the importance of the role of this mark in definition of AD group origin was defined. 2. It was shown that the development of seeds hair in ontogenesis goes from rare 1-2 rays through dense multyrays to few and fine 1-2 rays or to complete their reduction. The linkage of this feature with evolution of the genomic was dentified. 3. The mesophyll of all species and the mesophill of the first leaves of the majority of species has dorsoventral (ancestral) structure. Only few species are characrerized by leaves with isoteral-palisadc type of structure. This feature is not only adaptive but it shows evolution trend in leaf structure. 4. It was defined that definitive leaves have 60-90 % of progressive anisocyte type of stomata, whereas sepals have 50-90% of primitive anomocyte type. Obtained data showed that the anatomical structure indexes of AD genome species were formed under dominand influence of genome A. The practical importance: The results of investigations could be used in creation of new sorts of cotton resistant to drought and depredators. Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the results were given to the laboratory of Systematic and Cotton introduction of the Institute of Experimental plant biology of AcSc RUz. (Act, 6.09.2006). Area of application: anatomy, morphology, systematic, genetics and cotton introduction.