Проблема экономического насилия в отношении женщин: Насколько она находится в центре внимания?

Аннотация

Ключевые слова: В статье рассматривается понятие «экономическое экономическое насилие, насилие», которое впервые появилось в выражении гендерное равенство, «экономическое насилие» в конце 1950-х годов. расширение прав и Анализируется определение, разработанное Организацией возможностей женщин, экономические Объединенных Наций. Приводятся аргументы в пользу возможности, равные понимания доминирования над способностью женщины возможности. приобретать, использовать и сохранять финансовые ресурсы, угрожая ее финансовой стабильности и независимости. The concept of “economic violence” was first revealed from the expression economic abuse in the late 1950s. The United Nations defined economic violence on its website as follows: “Economic violence is said to occur when an individual denies his intimate partner access to financial resources, typically as a form of abuse or control or in order to isolate her or to impose other adverse consequences to her well-being.” [1] In other words, it can be understood as dominating a woman's capacity to acquire, utilize, and maintain financial resources, putting her financial stability and independence at risk. This type of abuse is a particularly potent tool for controlling, manipulating, and dominating in order to promote dependency or financially exploit a person. The main goal of this abuse is to make the partner totally dependent by taking control over capital and assets. Husbands or boyfriends who have comprehensive authority over material resources, hold onto economic means, or refuse to provide finances to female partners are considered to be committing economic violence against women because they leave their partners completely dependent on them for even the most basic necessities. [2] Economic violence against women has several types. Strategies as interference at work; restricting or preventing access to education; intentionally harassing spouse at the workplace; denying access to financial information; limiting or stopping funds required for clothing or food; stealing money from spouse; dominating the family economy by making unilateral decisions of budged; deliberately destroying spouse credit card are considered as economic abuse. Economic violence can have serious consequences on the physical, economic, and psychological well-being of women. Moreover, it has an impact on public health since it endangers the victim's financial stability and self-determination, makes it more difficult for them to escape from abusive situations, and may even have a detrimental psychological impact. Tenkorang found in his research that economic violence is associated with anxiety and depression. Moreover, stress brought on by poverty and having to face an unclear financial life as a consequence of financial violence has an impact on women’s lives. Therefore, the question is whether this particular type of violence is under necessary attention and control. At the global level, there are several mechanisms for protecting women's rights, including economic. For instance, State Parties to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (adopted in New York in 1979 by the United Nations General Assembly) [3] are required to ensure that men and women have equal 204 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 08 (2023) / ISSN 2181-1415 access to all economic, political and rights, as well as to reaffirm their commitment to basic human rights, human dignity, and equal rights for all. Whereas, the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women adopted in December 1993 by General Assembly resolution 48/104 recognized the need to protect women in the economic, social, political, civil, cultural, or any other field in Article 3. At the same time, the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (Istanbul Convention) adopted in May 2011 in Istanbul and enforced in August 2014 acknowledges gender-based violence against women as a violation of human rights and a form of discrimination. This Convention identifies economic violence as a form of domestic violence and provides essential steps to combat it. Prevention mechanisms consist of regular campaigns, training on issues such as gender equality, treatment programs for victims of domestic violence, and close collaboration with NGOs involving the private sector and media. Protection includes accessible help centers available 24/7. The Convention distinguishes between forms of violence against women and also includes economic violence. Besides, the Convention entails to introduction of a number of new crimes where they do not already exist, for example, physical and psychological violence, stalking, and forced marriage. In addition, States Parties are obliged to ensure that culture, mentality, and tradition is not the justification of any type of violence. At the Central Asian level, the problem of violence aga