СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ПОНЯТИЙ ЭТНОС И НАЦИЯ

Аннотация

This article talks about material and spiritual culture, ethnic environment and ethnic culture, the existence of ethnos as a holistic system. Keywords: ethnos, people, nation, culture, psychology, ethnic characteristics. СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ПОНЯТИЙ ЭТНОС И НАЦИЯ Аннотация. В статье говорится о материальной и духовной культуре, этнической среде и этнической культуре, существовании этноса как целостной системы. Ключевые слова: этнос, народ, нация, культура, психология, этнические особенности. Some signs of ethnopsychological characteristics are characteristic of all historical periods of human unity, i.e. clans, tribes, nations. Ethnopsychological characteristics, as shown by some researchers, are not formed by only one factor - the influence of the natural environment, but three factors influence its formation. The first factor is the system of political-economic and social processes in the life of the society, and the second is the characteristics of the natural and geographical environment in which this ethnic group lives. The third factor includes historical events and events that took place in the life of the people. But it should be said that in the system of ethnopsychological features, the content of people's mentality is determined first of all by the first factor - political-economic social changes. The natural geographical factor mainly determines the external expressions of the ethno- psychological appearance. Therefore, this factor is clearly visible to the observer when he looks at the first factor. The important historical events that took place in the life of the people undoubtedly leave an indelible mark on him psychologically. As a result of constant exposure to the same event in nature, people get used to deeply perceive the features of this reality when they look at representatives of ethnic groups living in different conditions. Because the external environment sends innumerable information, i.e. various impressions, to our sensory organs, as a result, during evolutionary development, a neuro-physiological mechanism is formed in our body that ensures 235 ResearchBib IF-2023: 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Valume 1 Issue 7 ISSN: 3030-3753. VOLUME 1, ISSUE 2 an adequate (proper) relationship with this external environment. It shows people's intuition and perception. Therefore, the stereotyped behavior of a particular nation should be considered as the highest form of adaptation to the external environment. The mental characteristics that arose under the constant influence of the external environment do not reflect the whole system of these impressions, but only those aspects that were important for him and strengthened in past experience. "The manifestation of emotions, thoughts, desires, and perceptions in a person's brain under the influence of an external factor. Therefore, the ideal is reflected in the form of a dream - a wish, and in the same vision, ideal forces become visible," wrote F. Engels.S. According to I. Korolev, the formed ethnopsychological characteristics play the role of a protective mechanism to a certain extent. He separates out foreign things like a galvir and either accepts it, or repeats it based on the norms that exist in this nation, or denies it. Uniquely perceiving the surrounding reality, events, imagining and thinking, and manifesting them in the form of instincts and feelings, customs and traditions, character style are irrevocably unique features of ethnopsychology. "A European who has come to Japan for the first time," writes I.S. Kohn, "is surprised and embarrassed when a Japanese person smiles not only when he is happy, but also when he reprimands him, or when he talks about something sad, for example, about his mother." An inexperienced person is considered to be greedy, greedy or ruthless. In fact, smiling has a different symbolic meaning here; by this, he means to ease the difficult situation, to emphasize that he is ready to overcome these difficulties, and so on." Forms of practical activity associated with the development of various social systems and economic systems determine the formation of a system of various mental processes. Therefore, the peoples living in different historical periods and social structures differ from each other not only in terms of the content of consciousness, but also in terms of the structure of the forms of activity. The brain cannot think without information coming from outside itself. As psychologist P. P. Beonekiy said, "Bum-bush does not think in the head." Social-historical, social conditions determine human activity. In turn, mental processes determine the content and essence of consciousness. The knowledge and capabilities of the people of that period and time are reflected in the cocktail products created in different periods and times. After all, in the process of making a cocktail, the subject becomes an object, the strength and abilities of a person are embodied in the things he creates. Therefore, psychologists can