Изучение прагматики и когнитивности в современной лингвистике

Аннотация

Ключевые слова: Когнитивная лингвистика является одним из когнитивная лингвистика, актуальных и еще не до конца исследованных направлений концепт, языкознания. Исследования в области прагматической и прагматика. когнитивной лингвистики являются также одним из наиболее актуальных вопросов на сегодняшний день. Целью данной статьи является изучение и проведение небольших исследований о специфической роли прагматики и когнитивистики в лингвистике. 1 A teacher of Kokand state pedagogical institute. E-mail: d.hamdamova94@gmail.com Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 05 (2023) / ISSN 2181-1415 The field of linguistics is the most necessary part of society, and as language develops, so does society. The field of linguistics has a very ancient history, and its study began in ancient India. There are many subfields of linguistics, and in this article, we want to focus on pragmatics and cognitive linguistics. In near history, the term cognitive linguistics entered the field of linguistics. Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that it is one of the most pressing issues of modern linguistics today. It is worth noting that the interaction between language and consciousness, problems, connections, the importance and role of language in conceptualizing and categorizing the world, and in cognitive processes based on human experience, in order to generalize with the individual cognitive abilities of a person, that is, understanding is a new linguistics that studies the relationship between language and their mutual influence and its forms. Cognitive linguistics is also complicated because it studies concepts and linguistics closely. Because the concept is different for each individual and it is based on the environment in which it grew up. Cognitive linguistics has been officially studied as a separate field since 1989. This year, a conference was first organized in the German state of Duisburg within the framework of cognitive linguistics [1.1]. The participants of this symposium formed the International Association for Cognitive Linguistics, and since then the interest and research in cognitive linguistics has increased. In cognitive linguistics, we see a new stage in the study of the complex relationship between language and thought, a problem that is mainly characteristic of Russian theoretical linguistics. Such studies were initiated by neurophysiologists, doctors, and psychologists (P. Brock, K. Wernick, I.M. Sechenov, V.M. Bekhterev, I.P. Pavlov, etc.) Neurolinguistics was created on the basis of neurophysiology (L.S. Vygotsky, A.R. Luria). Language activity occurs in the human brain, different types of language activity (language acquisition, listening, speaking, reading, writing, etc.) are associated with different parts of the brain. We can say that the uniqueness of cognitive linguistics is that the representatives of each nation understand it based on their own mentality. Because the concept of “table” in the English language gives the concept of a table in the English culture, we can understand this word in the Uzbek language in two different concepts, the first is “table – khontakhta”, and the second is “table – table”. However, there is a commonality between these differences, and both of the mentioned concepts are considered to be a device for eating, the function is the same, and they differ slightly from each other only in appearance. This difference, of course, shows the culture, and the uniqueness of the nationality. Pragmatics is one of the next branches of linguistics, and it is a branch of semiotics and linguistics that studies the use of language signs in speech. In other words, it can be called a branch of science that studies the attitude of the subjects who use this system of symbols. The idea of pragmatics was mainly developed by the American scientist Ch. Included in the discussion by Pierce, as well as another American scientist Ch. Morris developed this idea and coined the term “Pragmatics” as the name of one of the branches of semiotics. Pragmatics encompasses the social activity of a person and has the characteristic of meaning based on the situation, it does not have a specific form and 30 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 05 (2023) / ISSN 2181-1415 appearance, and its scope includes the speaking subject, the addressee, their interaction in communication and interaction, many issues related to the communication- intervention situation are included. The main goal of pragmatics is the formation of aesthetic beauty and aesthetic culture in the listener and student. If the listener or reader does not have a pragmatic effect on the original meaning, he will not be able to understand the original meaning of the given text. When the speaker creates a speech, he intends to convey some information to the receiver (listener) with this activity, to tell his past, to convey the news that is happe