Маркеры функции дыхания и сердца у юношей с вегетативными дисфункциями

Аннотация

Ключевые слова: В данном исследовании изучается состояние сердечно- подростки, сосудистой и дыхательной систем у подростков с СВД вегетативные (синдромом вегетативной дистонии) с акцентом на расстройства, влияние перинатальной патологии и гендерного перинатальная патология. различия. Обследовано 243 подростка в возрасте 12-18 лет с клинически и лабораторно-инструментально подтвержденной дисфункцией вегетативной нервной системы. Полученные данные показали, что нарушения со стороны сердца чаще наблюдались у подростков с СВД, имевших в анамнезе перинатальную патологию, особенно у лиц мужского пола. Кроме того, выявлен повышенный риск развития нарушений бронхиальной проходимости у подростков с СВД и перинатальной патологией в анамнезе, преимущественно у лиц женского пола. Relevance: Vegetative system disorders in children are present in 25-80% of cases, with 17-20% progressing into conditions such as ischemic heart disease, hypo- and hypertension, bronchial asthma, and gastric or duodenal ulcers [3]. The prevalence of this pathology among noncommunicable diseases in childhood and adolescence ranges from 29.1 to 75% of cases [4]. The autonomic nervous system's leading role in the development of cardiovascular system pathologies in children has been established, and autonomic nervous system dysfunction is regarded as an adaptation disorder, involving a breakdown in neuroendocrine autonomic regulation of the heart and blood vessels [2]. When the acting factor surpasses the adaptive capabilities of the cardiovascular system, a pathological process involving both functional and structural disorders arises. Due to their “indicator” advantages, the cardiovascular and respiratory systems are prioritized in evaluating the adaptive capacities of the entire organism [1,5]. 87 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Issue – 4 № 3 (2023) / ISSN 2181-1415 The purpose of the research is to determine the specific aspects of respiratory and cardiac activity in children with vegetative dysfunctions, depending on gender. Material and methods of the research: The research is grounded in the findings of clinical and functional evaluations of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in adolescents with SVD, taking into account the presence of perinatal pathology. The study involved 243 adolescents aged 12-18 who had clinically and laboratory-instrumentally confirmed autonomic nervous system dysfunction, specifically vegetative dystonia syndrome (VDS). The average age of SVD clinical manifestation in girls was 12.2±1.8 years old, while in boys it was 13.5±2.1 years old. During the research, groups of adolescents with SVD were formed depending on gender and perinatal lesions of the nervous system (“PLNS”), Group 1 consisted of 53 (21.8%) adolescent boys with PLNS, Group 2 consisted of 34 (14.0%) adolescent boys without PLNS, Group 3 consisted of 107 (44.0%) adolescent girls with PLNS and Group 4 consisted of 49 (20.2%) adolescent girls without PLNS. (Table 1) Table 1. Distribution of patients with SVD into groups on the basis of a medical anamnesis of PLNS. Groups n % Group I adolescent boys with PLNS 53 21,81% Group II adolescent boys without PLNS 34 13,99% Group III adolescent girls with PLNS 107 44,03% Group IV adolescent girls without PLNS 49 20,16% Total 243 100,00% Note: SVD- vegetative dystonia syndrome. PLNS-perinatal lesions of the nervous system. Electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded on 6-TEC-3 (2003) in 12 standard leads, at a paper speed of 50 mm/sec, at rest, in the supine position. Assessment of external respiratory function was carried out on the hardware- software complex “Valenta”. The following parameters were investigated: – Vital capacity of the lungs (VCL) consists of the reserve volume of inhalation, reserve volume of exhalation, and respiratory volume, in liters. – Forced vital capacity (FVC) is the amount of air that can be exhaled during forced exhalation per 1 second after the maximum exhalation, in percent. – FEV1 – the volume of forced exhalation in one second – the volume of air exhaled in one second of forced exhalation – Tifno index – the volume of forced exhalation in 1s in percentage to the proper value of VCL. (Vital Capacity of the Lungs) Statistical data were processed using the STATISTICA 6.0 software package (Stat Soft Inc., USA). The following parameters were defined for the studied parameters: mean (M), standard error of the mean (m), median (Me), and interquartile range (25% percentile and 75% percentile) of the trait, if necessary. We used the nonparametric method – Mann-Whitney U-criterion calculation, for 3 or more groups – Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA 88 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Issue – 4 № 3 (2023) / ISSN 2181-1415 method to compare the quantitative characteristics of two independent groups. Qualitative parameters were assessed in absolute and relative values (%), χ2 criterion was used to compare qualitative signs in t