Административные процедуры: опыт Узбекистана

Аннотация

Ключевые слова: В статье раскрыты значение административных административное право, процедур, история развития Закона Республики административные Узбекистан «Об административных процедурах» (далее – процедуры, принципы, ЗАП/Закон), структура ЗАП Республики Узбекистан, Закона «Об административных основные принципы административных процедур, общие процедурах», положения про административные процедуры, а также реформы, зарубежный опыт в данной сфере. Кроме того, авторы административный акт, проанализировали проблемы имплементации Узбекистан. административных процедур, в частности была затронута тема ожидаемых изменений в ЗАП Республики Узбекистан. Также, в статье раскрывается разница между позитивным и негативным административным правом, приводятся мнения ведущих ученых в данной сфере права. Обосновано, что административные процедуры направлены на унификацию правил, установленных в различных административных регламентах, что создает дополнительные удобства для частных лиц. Более того, отмечается, что основным отличием принципов административных процедур является то, что многие из них являются уникальными, а также то, что они не являются декларативного характера (ст. 19 Закона). Considering the fact that the modern administrative law of Uzbekistan is formed around two major institutions of administrative law – administrative procedures and an administrative act – it can be noted with confidence that the institution of administrative procedures is the queen in this branch of law. The process of “transition” of administrative law from negative (previously, administrative law was mainly understood as the protective function of administrative law: administrative punishment and administrative coercion) to positive (here: administrative law is considered as a process of public administration aimed at meeting the needs of 191 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 10 (2022) / ISSN 2181-1415 individuals. The state is perceived as an apparatus providing public services to its population) dramatically increased the prestige and necessity of the institution of administrative procedures. The development of the Law of Uzbekistan “On Administrative Procedures” (hereinafter referred to as the Law) began in 2005 (and scientific developments began even earlier): • In 2005, the first project was discussed with the participation of scientists from the USA, Germany and Japan; • In 2007 – the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis adopted the Law – but the Senate did not approve this project; • There were many projects in 2011 – in particular, a draft CAP (Code of Administrative Procedure) was developed; • An important historical event for the adoption of the Law was the adoption of the Action Strategy (07.02.2017 UP-4947) and the Concept of Administrative Reform (08.09.2017 UP-5185); • The Law itself was adopted on January 8, 2018 № LRU-457 “On Administrative Procedures” and entered into force on January 10, 2019 [1]. Administrative procedure are procedural rules governing the administrative and legal activities of administrative bodies, aimed at ensuring the rights and legitimate interests of stakeholders through the exercise of public administration powers in their relations with non-subordinate stakeholders in accordance with the law [2]. Procedure is the application of substantive law. Administrative process: In a narrow sense – administrative proceedings; In a broad sense, the entire administrative process [3]. Why does a country like Uzbekistan need to adopt the Law “On Administrative Procedures”? There are many reasons, but the main ones are: ❖ Administrative legislation of Uzbekistan occupies, perhaps, the largest part of the national legislation and it is very scattered (after all, the executive branch is the largest, massive branch of government, which has over 1000 bodies and organizations) – therefore there was (still exists) the need to bring administrative legislation in order [4]; ❖ Administrative procedures are aimed at unifying the provisions of various administrative regulations, which creates convenience for the population; ❖ Through the accurate work of administrative bodies based on administrative procedures, business representatives and the population will know how the state works and will take their own steps to act also correctly (about this, Ms. Elke Büdenbender notes that “a citizen must rely on the fact that the decision of the state body will not be unexpected for him, like “a bolt from the blue”. A citizen should be able to present his arguments and objections already during the administrative procedure, and the state body must comply with the rules of procedure and cannot behave “this way, that way””) [5. P. 12]; ❖ Administrative procedures are a guarantee for foreign investors. Khvan Leonid believes that “the Law allows, in a different algorithm, to establish the rules for the adoption of individual acts, procedures for performing administrative action