Режим орошения озимoй пшеницы на луговых аллювиальных почвах Хорезмского оазиса

Аннотация

Subjects of research: irrigated alluvial meadow soil of the Khorezm regions, winter wheat cv “Chillaki”, “Kupava” and “Polovchanka”, irrigation water and chemical fertilizer. Purpose of work: study of irrigation scheduling and application of chemical fertilizer rates in winter wheat varieties “Chillaki”, “Kupava” and “Polovchanka” to obtain high yield in conditions of irrigated meadow soils of Khorezm oasis and to develop practical recommendations for farmers. Methods of research: field experiment and statistical analysis of the experiment results were conducted according to “Method of field experimentation” (Dospekhov, 1985); soil physical properties, soil texture and chemical analyses of soil samples were completed in accordance with “Methods of agrochemical, agrophysical and microbiological analyses in irrigated cotton growing areas” (SoyuzNIHI, 1963). Biometrical measurements of plant parameters were conducted according to “Method of State test of varieties of agricultural crops” (1964). The results obtained and their novelty: for the first time in conditions of medium loamy alluvial meadow soils of the Khorezm oasis it was determined optimal water use of the “Chillaki”, “Kupava” and “Polovchanka” varieties of winter wheat with the aim to obtain high grain yield. Impact of irrigation regimes and chemical fertilizers norms on soil agrophysical properties and melioration conditions, crop growth and development, amount and quality of yield were investigated and practical recommendations for farmers were developed. Practical value: application of irrigation scheduling of 70% Fc and N200P140K100 kg ha'1 is recommended for the winter wheat cv. “Polovchanka” in conditions of medium loamy alluvial meadow soils of the Khorezm oasis. Degree of embed and economic effectivity: practical recommendations as presented in this thesis are implemented in Urgench (28 ha) and Yangibazar (30 ha) districts of the Khorezm region. Winter wheat production using the recommendations would lead to the additional net profit of 101300 soums ha'1. Field of application: farmer units located on irrigated medium loamy soils and specialized in winter wheat production in the Khorezm oasis.