Социально-экономическая и культурная жизнь царстве Бабуридов

Аннотация

Ключевые слова: В данной статье речь идет о социально-экономическом династия, положении Индии при династии Бабуридов, видах налогов, история, мнениях зарубежных ученых о династии Бабуридов, налог, сходствах и различиях в социально-экономической, положение, культурная жизнь, политической и культурной жизни правителей Бабуридов управление, – Акбара, Джахангира, Аврангзеб. государство, поколение, правитель, богатство, армия, военный поход, культура, наука, народ, политика, социально-экономическое. It is known from the history of India that the invaders of this country were engaged in plundering the country’s wealth and taking it back to their homeland. Babur and his descendants, on the other hand, remained in the country and did positive things, such as peace and the establishment of a large united state. They did not send this legendary treasure anywhere. On the contrary, they resolutely embarked on creative work in this country, built huge and great monuments, values with human intellect, prospered the people, added wealth and glory to their wealth. After the conquest of India by Zakhiruddin Muhammad Babur, some of his generals and soldiers were reluctant to return to their homeland, while others were given land by Babur and some were appointed to high positions. Babur was not only engaged in military campaigns. He was a talented man, a man of great intelligence, delicate nature, and a great love of literature and culture. For this reason, in his spare time from military campaigns, Babur was engaged in writing poems and writing memoirs [1]. As a great historical figure, Babur’s personality has attracted the attention of European and American orientalist scholars. The English historian Edward Holden, first of all, finds it necessary to compare Bobur with the famous Julius Caesar: “Babur is more worthy of love than Caesar. He is described as a man of high virtue” [2]. 270 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 05 (2022) / ISSN 2181-1415 Babur also did a lot of good deeds in India and had a significant impact on the development of the country. He put an end to fragmentation and internal strife, massacres, united the regions, paid great attention to the strengthening of the centralized state and the beautification of the country, the development of science and agriculture. He was in charge of construction, digging wells, digging canals, creating pools and beautiful gardens [3]. The first Prime Minister of the Republic of India, J. Nehru, said, “Babur’s arrival in India has brought about great changes in India, a new and prosperous development in art, life, architecture and other fields of culture”. The peoples of Turkestan, accepting the traditions and customs of the Indians, became part of the local population and became true Indians. Humayun, who ascended the throne after Babur’s death, devoted the main period of his reign to the unification of the country and the struggle against the internal and external enemies of the kingdom. As a result, the country has not had the opportunity to reform. During the reign of Akbar Shah, the Baburid state expanded and strengthened. With the rise of socio-economic and cultural life, the state became known as the kingdom of the great Baburids, officially recognized by neighboring and foreign countries, and began to establish socio-political, diplomatic, economic, trade and cultural relations with them. During the half-century of Akbar Shah's rule, relations with foreign countries, especially with its western and northern neighbors, developed. The centralized Akbar kingdom is recognized by the people of the country and foreigners as the state of India [4]. After 14 years of military campaigns to expand the borders of his state, Akbar began in 1574 to gain the confidence of the local population, to consolidate and increase the power of the great state on the basis of uniting them. This required a number of socio-economic reforms. In order to carry out administrative reforms, Akbar took over the state system, began to centralize its management and put an end to the actions of the independent government. He decides to end the practice of dividing the land among the military as a jogir. For this purpose, Akbar was ordered to transfer all lands to the state as a neutral and to pay the salaries of military commanders from the treasury. Of course, the media and the general public also take part in such events [5]. The collection of taxes from the treasury is entrusted to special government officials called Akbar Kurruriya (district and provincial governors). But it was impossible to finish the lands firmly and sharply. Even those who were very close to Akbar openly expressed their dissatisfaction with the king's decree. As a result, Akbar was soon forced to rescind his decree to abolish the lands. Akbar’s reforms in the field of land tax included the introduction of a cash tax instead of a product tax. This reform was also aimed at end