Evaluation of tactical surgery by transesophageal echocardiography in patients with congenital heart defects

Аннотация

Introduction. Congenital heart defects are one of the leading causes of infant mortality and are the leading cause of infant morbidity, disability and mortality in the following countries. In terms of prevalence, congenital heart defects in children, compared to other congenital malformations, retain leading positions in the world and represent the most important historical and global problem. Despite the enormous achievements in the surgery of congenital heart defects, intra- and postoperative areas in children continue to remain a clinical problem. Today, according to the concept of cardiac surgery safety, one of the methods for assessing the state of blood circulation, valve function, identifying akinesia and dyskinesia zones during cardiac surgery, as well as in the resuscitation period is transesophageal echocardiography. The Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists (SCA) and the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) published a first set of guidelines for the performance of a comprehensive intraoperative TEE exam in 1999. The aim of these guidelines was to define a standard examination for the purposes of training, consistency, storage, and quality. These guidelines contain a set of twenty TEE views that were primarily designed for intraoperative use although they have been widely adopted outside of the operating room. These guidelines were updated in 2013 to now include an expanded 28 standard views as well as 3-dimensional imaging. In addition, a set of basic perioperative TEE guidelines were also published in 2013 that included 11 standard views. The SCA and the ASE realized that the availability and use of TEE as a monitoring and diagnostic rescue tool outside of cardiac surgery had dramatically increased. Therefore, a basic set of guidelines that were intended for use in general operating rooms by non-cardiac anesthesiologists were developed.