Основные понятия средств обучения программному обеспечению

Аннотация

Ключевые слова: Компьютерные устройства, являются универсальными программное обеспечение, платформами, для обработки информации. В отличие, от хранилище множества телефона, магнитофона или телевизора, которые программ, выполняют только те функции, которые предопределены, командный процессор, пользователь ЭВМ, персональные компьютеры могут выполнять любую память ЭВМ, деятельность по обработке информации. В статье компьютерная представлен обзор истории программного обеспечения. А терминология. также классифицируются типы программного обеспечения и приводится некоторая статистика программного обеспечения. Computers are universal devices for processing information. Unlike a telephone, tape recorder, or television, which perform only those functions that are predetermined where personal computers can perform any information processing activity. To do this, it is necessary to draw up an exact and detailed sequence of instructions for the computer in a language it understands, that is, an information processing program. The computer itself has no knowledge of any of its applications; all this knowledge is concentrated in programs running on a computer. Therefore, the often used expression "the computer did" means exactly that a program was executed on the computer that allowed you to perform the corresponding actions. By changing programs for a computer, you can turn it into a workplace for almost any specialist. Programs can use various input and output devices during their execution. Thus, for the effective use of a computer, it is necessary to know the purpose and properties of the programs needed when working with it. A set of programs designed to solve problems on a personal computer is called software. The composition of the software for a personal computer is called the software configuration. Software is a set of programs that control the operation of a computer or automated system. The software has its own history of development, which is closely related to the development of the first and is clearly reflected in the background of the interface: user – computer (interface is a set of tools and rules that allow interaction between devices, programs and people). The software has its own history of development, which is closely related to the development of the first and is clearly reflected in the background of the interface: user – computer (interface is a set of tools and rules that allow interaction between devices, programs and people). Programming for the 1st generation computer was done in machine codes and the user was given all the resources to solve his problem and he worked directly with them. Even the first operating systems, which appeared in the late 1940s and were a set of simple I / O programs with a total volume of several hundred instructions, did not change anything in the essence of the matter, since users either created their own service programs for their own purposes. In the mid-1950s, most 2nd generation computers ran on operating systems that allowed batch processing: The system collected programs prepared by different users, executed them in quick succession, thereby reducing operator effort and allowing better planning of the machine’s computing resources. 33 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 01 (2022) / ISSN 2181-1415 Many operating systems of the time included libraries with standard and commonly used routines and programs, as well as high-level translators from the first programming language, Fortran, developed and implemented by IBM in 1956. In the early 1960s, the first time-sharing operating systems appeared that allowed the processor to switch between tasks, giving the illusion that many users were working on computers at the same time. The most rapid development of the operating system of that period began with the advent of 3rd generation computers with hardware support for the main elements of the operation of the operating system: interrupt systems, means of protecting RAM from unauthorized access, as well as an advanced input-output system, developed firmware, etc. The complication and expansion of the computer software environment not only significantly expands its functionality, optimizing the management of complex computing processes and resources in multi-, teleprocessing and interactivity mode, but also by the user not only knowledge of a high-level programming language, but also a task management language, which is a task interface user with operating system – environment. However, this additional knowledge more than paid off in the form of exchanges: a high-level programming language for developing application software, and high-level languages for task management providing an interface to a computer software shell. Only the 4th generation, in the depths of which PC-based personal computer technologies appeared, again allowed mass users to get closer to computing resources, but not to the hardware environment