Изучение мифологических лексем в современной лингвистике

Аннотация

Ключевые слова: Статья посвящена рассмотрению семантики и мифолексема, повторяемости имен «Легендарных существ» германского мифические существа, корня в английском диалекте. Автор рассматривает семантика, семантические значения трех лексем германского начала, семантический анализ, семантическое значение, обозначающих легендарных животных, анализирует омонимия, стандартизирующую повторяемость этих лексем в четырех корпусное исследование, корпусах, пяти родовых под корпусами английского диалекта. нормативная частота, Выделены смысловые значения лексем; лексемы корпус. позиционируются в соответствии с признаком полисемии- моносемии и повторяемости в современном английском диалекте. В статье рассматриваются возможные взаимосвязи между семантическими, повторяющимися и бессистемными характеристиками исследуемых мифолексем. Language is a tool for building a system of concepts about the world, as well as a tool for operating with these concepts. The complication and structuring of the reality surrounding a person entails the complication of language as a means of operating with the concepts of the surrounding reality. Mythological vocabulary is one of the most ancient, durable and stable layers of the vocabulary of any language. The value of mythological vocabulary as an object of linguistic research lies in the fact that it reflects the cultural meaning deeply rooted in the inner form of the word, the specific mentality of a particular ethnos, people, nation. Semantic and lexico-statistical studies of mythological vocabulary seem relevant from the standpoint of cognitive science, anthropolinguistics, psycholinguistics and a number of sciences dealing with the problems of thinking and cognitive mechanisms. Studies of the semantics of mytholexemes make it possible to assess their semantic load and cultural connotation, while lexical and statistical studies form the structure of these elements in the language array. The issues of the semantics of myth are currently being dealt with rather actively, both in our country and abroad. Interesting, for example, are the works of N.Yu. Kuznetsova, I.L. Kuchesheva, O.Yu. Nikolenko, N.A. Faylert, O.A. Plakhova, J.S.G.S Kirk, Ch. Rojek and others. Corpus linguistics has been developing very actively in recent years, especially abroad: D. Glynn, S.Th. Gries, T. McEnery, A. Hardie, K. Stuart, A. Botella, I. Ferri and others. However, the approach that combines these methodologies is new, and yet it allows one to empirically study the patterns of development of the meanings of the mythological layer of vocabulary in dynamics. Lexicographic analysis of mytholexemes using data from 18 mythological, etymological and explanatory dictionaries of the English language, covering the period from 1859 to 2017, made it possible to collect information about the language of origin and further transformation of the names of mythical creatures, as well as their semantic meanings. In this case, only semantically related meanings were taken into account and cases of unmotivated homonymy were ignored. Lexemes are taken as examples: dwarf, elf, bugbear. 2 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 9 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415 Dwarf. This lexeme is widely represented in the studied dictionaries (17 out of 18). In all lexicographic sources, the authors unanimously agree on the Germanic origin of this lexeme. Some point to a more ancient, proto-Indo-European origin, a hypothetical reconstructed ancestral language of the Indo-European family. In particular, D. Harper (2001) points to the origin of the word dwarf from the pro-German * dweraz, possibly from the pro-Indo-European * dhwergwhos “something tiny” [15] (something tiny) (hereinafter, the translation of the author of the article is M.I.). The class of creatures denoted by the dwarf token has a number of semantic characteristics. The only semantic feature of this class of humanoid creatures is abnormally small stature. J. Auto (2005) describes the process of transforming the meanings of the lexeme dwarf as follows: “In English, it origi-nally meant simply person of abnormally small stature”; the modern connotation of ‘small manlike creature that lives underground and works metal’, a product of Germanic mythology, is not recorded until the late 18th century”. / “Ingliz tilida bu dastlab “g‘ayritabiiy kichkina odam” degan ma’noni anglatardi; Germaniya mifologiyasi mahsuloti bo‘lgan “yer ostida yashaydigan va metall bilan ishlaydigan kichik gumanoid mavjudot”, uning zamonaviy ma’nosi 18-asr oxirigacha uchramaydi”. Despite this, most of the studied dictionaries refer primarily to the mythological meaning of this word: “an imaginary creature that looks like a small man” (kichkina odamga o‘xshab ketadigan xayoliy maxluq), “a member of a mythical race” (afsonaviy jonzot vakili). Some sources attribute magical properties to creatures of this class: “a creature like a little man, esp. one having magical powers” (se