Сравнительно-синтаксические примеры как объект изучения языкознания

Аннотация

Калит сўзлар: Мазкур мақолада қиёсий-синтактик конструкция- мураккаб синтактик ларнинг тилшуносликда ўрганилиш холати ҳақида фикр конструкциялар, билдирилган. Жумладан, сўз бирикмалари, гап ҳамда компоратик синтактик мураккаб синтактик конструкцияларнинг тилшунослик- бирликлар, давр, нинг ўрганилиш объекти эканлиги, улар ҳам вазиятга қараб ўта катта ибора бирлиги. матн мақомида кела олиши айтиб ўтилган. Мураккаб синтактик конструкцияларнинг давр, жумладан ўта катта ибора бирлиги номлари билан ҳам айтилишига муносабат билдирилган. 1 Lecturer, Department of Theory and Translation, Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages, Samarkand, Uzbekistan. E-mail: anvar.ibaev@mail.ru. Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 8 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415 Сравнительно-синтаксические примеры как объект изучения языкознания АННОТАЦИЯ Ключевые слова: В статье проанализированы компаративные компоративные синтаксические конструкции. Так же рассмотрены синтаксические словосочетание, предложение и сложные синтаксические конструкции, целые как текст, т.е. вышеуказанные синтаксические сложные синтаксические целые, конструкции смотря по обстоятельствам рассматривается период, как текст. Кроме этого, были отмечены некоторые сверхфразовое единство. суждения о том, что сложные синтаксические целые могут так же именоваться терминами период и сверхфразовое единство. Nowadays, the fact that language is a system is recognized by almost all linguists. Therefore, as in recent years in all disciplines, attention is paid to systematic research in linguistics. In the history of linguistics, syntactic devices have been studied mainly from a formal point of view, and only occasionally has attention been paid to its semantic aspect. Sentence was interpreted as a whole that was formally divided into certain elements and, at the same time, composed of the grammatical and semantic relations of certain elements. Apparently, even in traditional linguistics, the systemic nature of sentence is recognized, even intuitively. But not enough attention has been paid to the relationship between the elements that create the complete sentence. Although the history of the study of syntax has its own centuries-old tradition, there are still differing opinions on the subject of its study. Up the middle of the nineteenth century onwards, in syntactic theory, the focus was not on the whole (speech) but on its parts. As a result, linguists have focused on studying the functions of word groups and word forms in speech. Such a view (morphologism) arose as a result of increased attention to the formal side of grammatical analysis and the national identity of languages. Criticizing of the syntax of the parts of speech, Reese condemns the inconsistency of the system of syntactic materials in the synthesis of parts of speech, the lack of a clear boundary in determining the status of the object of syntax. And he himself recommends that grammar can be divided on the basis of two interrelated principles. One is the syntactic opposition of word and phrase, and the other is the qualitative opposition between form and content. The subject of syntax, according to Y. Rees, should be a phrase, taking into account both the form and the content aspect. The view of the object of syntactic examination also affects the Russian linguists F.F. Fortunatov, M.N. Peterson, A.M. Peshkovsky, and in their works this concept has found its lucent expression. Academician V.V. Vinogradov, a well-known Russian linguist, struck at the idea that syntax is a doctrine of word order. He argues that the subject of syntax is the study of the rules and methods of combination of words and phrases, as well as the types of phrases and sentences, their structure, function and conditions of use, the laws of development. 154 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 8 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415 Obviously, V.V. Vinogradov admits that the object of study of syntax is the word combination and speech. Components of both phrase syntax and sentence syntax are explored under the heading of syntactic devices. Accordingly, we can also include complex syntactic devices in the list of syntactic devices. If we study these devices from a comparative point of view, we will have to consider the difference between exactly two languages (we have English and Uzbek) based on the principles of contrasting linguistics. In this case, similar aspects arise automatically. Based on the given ideas, one can call phrases and sentences small comparative syntactic devices and complex syntactic devices large comparative syntactic devices. It is obvious that, phrases have served as the object of linguistic research in world linguistics from past centuries to the present. The English and Uzbek languages we are studying are no exception, of course. According to V.V. Vinogradov, phrases belong to the system of communicative category of speech. They can tra