Структурные и морфологические изменения в поджелудочной железе крыс после введения генетически модифицированного продукта

Аннотация

Ключевые слова: При изучении гистологических препаратов, полученных крысы, из поджелудочной железы животных опытной группы поджелудочная железа, (ГМО), были отмечены патологические изменения. генно- Морфологически отмечалась выраженная гипертрофия и модифицированный продукт. гиперплазия поджелудочной железы, повышенная секреторная активность, застойная полнота с участками кровоизлияния. В то время как у животных контрольной группы и большинства крыс группы сравнения (90%) патологических отклонений в гистологической картине поджелудочной железы не наблюдалось. Much attention is currently being paid to the problems of using genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food products, since there is a threat of their negative impact on human health and the environment [5]. Genetically modified organisms are living organisms that have intentionally changed the sequence of nucleic acids. These changes can be reduced to the introduction or removal of genetic fragments. Genetically modified (GM) products are completely identical to their natural samples in their main characteristics, such as color, smell and appearance. Currently, GM plants are grown in 28 countries around the world, especially in the USA, Brazil, Argentina, India and Canada. The main GM crops are soy, corn, cotton, rapeseed, among them this process is more often applied mainly to soy [2, 9, 13, 15]. In addition to these products, rice, pumpkin, sunflower, peanuts, cassava and papaya are also grown as GM. Research on banana, raspberry, strawberry, cherry, pineapple, pepper, melon and watermelon continues. Among grain crops, only the herbicide resistance gene is transmitted to rice. There is no transgenic product for crops such as wheat or barley that would have a high economic value [6]. Genetic modification studies are also conducted on animals. In relation to animals, research is mainly aimed at increasing resistance to diseases, controlling their growth or changing the quality of wool and milk components. As a result of these studies, fish has become the only animal produced economically [16]. Some experts believe that the creation of GM food sources is an inevitable way to solve many nutrition and health problems. With the growth of the world’s population, which, according to scientists, should reach 11 billion people by 2050, respectively, there is a need for a significant increase in world agricultural production, which is impossible without the creation of GMOs [10, 11, 12]. The identification of undeclared GM food sources, as well as combinations of GMOs, is important to ensure the biological safety of food for the population [1, 3, 4, 7, 14]. Currently, most GM products belong to the second safety class, given the presence in their composition of 1-2 proteins responsible for the manifestation of the desired trait that distinguishes the transgenic product from the traditional one [16]. 205 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 7 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415 In the Republic of Uzbekistan, the issues related to GM products have also not been finally resolved, in this regard, experimental studies to determine the effect of GM products on the organs and systems of the body are relevant and in demand. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for evaluating the effect of a genetically modified product on the morphological parameters of the pancreas of laboratory animals in an experiment.