Становление и развитие национального балетного искусства в Узбекистане

Аннотация

Калит сўзлар: Мақолада 1930-йиллардан то ҳозирги кунгача Ўзбекистон oпeрa санъати, миллий балет санъатини шакллантириш ва ривожлан- балет санъати, тиришнинг йўллари ва асосий босқичлари ҳамда балет мусиқа асарлари, саҳнасида миллий қаҳрамон образининг мужассамлашуви мусиқали театр, актёрлик маҳорати, ўрганила-ди. Асосий эътибор Ўзбекистон театр ҳаётида мусиқали драма, эътиборга молик воқеага айланган энг салмоқли балет миллий хореография, спектаклларига қаратилган. репертуар. 1 Lecturer, State Choreographic Academy of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. E-mail: Aydin.yeshim@gmail.com. Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 7 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415 Становление и развитие национального балетного искусства в Узбекистане АННОТАЦИЯ Ключевые слова: В статье рассматриваются пути и основные вехи оперное искусство, становления и развития национального балетного балетное искусство, искусства Узбекистана с 1930-х годов по наши дни, а также музыкальные воплощение образа национального героя на балетной произведения, музыкальный театр, сцене. Основное внимание уделяется наиболее значимым актерское мастерство, балетным спектаклям, ставшим заметным событием в музыкальная драма, театральной жизни Узбекистана. национальная хореография, репертуар. CREATION OF THE UZBEK OPERA AND BALLET THEATER. FORMATION FROM THE 1920s TO THE BEGINNING OF THE POST-WAR PERIOD The formation of the Uzbek opera and ballet began with the organization in 1926 with the setup of the first national ethnographic ensemble, which was headed by the People’s Artist of Uzbekistan, Mr. Mukhiddin Kari-Yakubov. This ensemble’s creation and early success were extremely important, to laying of the foundation of the future musical theater. In addition to concert pieces, the ensemble’s repertoire included separate musical pieces, such as “Arshin Mal Alan” by U. Hajibeyov, “Rizavarchi” by A. Kamarlinsky, “Halima” by G. Zafari. Mukhitdin Kari-Yakubov (born May 1, 1896 – died February 2, 1957, Tashkent) was an Uzbek Soviet theater artist, singer (baritone), founder and artistic director of the Uzbek Musical Theater (1926). In 1925 he sang Uzbek folk songs at the World Exhibition in Paris and at the Schubert Hall in Berlin. He took part in the organization of musical theaters in Uzbek cities of Tashkent, Andijan and Kokand. He was recognized as the first of the folk singers of Turkestan. Kari-Yakubov has been awarded the title of People’s Artist of the Uzbek SSR (1936). In 1929–1939 and 1946–1947 he worked as director of the Uzbek Philharmonic, and from 1932 he was its artistic director. In 1939–1947 he was a soloist of the Uzbek Opera and Ballet Theater. After 1947 he was repressed. Released in 1955. The ensemble, in addition to Kari-Yakubov and Tamara Khanum, included Zuhur Kabulova the atrical director; Halima Nasyrova (Ms), a singer; Boborakhim Mirzaev (Mr), a singer; Nurkhon Yuldashkhodzhaeva (Ms), a dancer; Pulatjon Rakhimov (Mr), a coposer; Usta Alim Kamilov (Mr), a choreographer; Begimkhon Kamilova (Ms), an actress; Gavkhar Rakhimova (Ms), a dancer; and many others. 18 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 7 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415 Tamara Khanum (real name is Tamara Artyomovna Petrosyan; born March 16, 1906, Fergana Region – died June 30, 1991, Tashkent) is a Soviet, Uzbek dancer, singer, actress and choreographer. In 1941, she won the Stalin Prize (second degree) and in 1956, she was awarded the title of People’s Artist of the USSR. She took part in the formation of the national ballet theater. During 1929–1934, she was a soloist and one of the organizers of the Uzbek Music and Drama Theater in Samarkand (since 1931 – in Tashkent), which was created on the basis of the musical experimental ensemble. In 1939 this ensemble later became the State Uzbek Theater of Opera and Ballet and is now known as the Alisher Navoi Grand Theater. Tamara Hanum headed the theater’s dance troupe. In 1933 she took part in organizing a ballet studio at the Uzbek Music and Drama Theater (it later became the Uzbek Republican Ballet School, and in 1947 – the Uzbek Choreographic School, now. On November 7, 1929, the ensemble was renamed the “Uzbek State Musical Theater”. The young team faced a number of challenges in the formation of the collective and the repertoire of the theater. First of all, it needed to organize the training of artists, give them the opportunity to study the basics of acting skills in musical theater. The challenge of creating a repertoire, was to include, in particular, original musical works on modern themes. For this purpose, Uzbek playwrights G. Zafari, Sh. Khurshid, K. Yashen and others were involved. The first director and artistic director of the theater, M. Kari- Yakubov traveled around the republic, attracting talented youth to the theater.The theater’s artists of the time were: Mukarram Turgunbaeva, Roziya Karimova, Isakhar Akilov, Gulam Abdurakhmanov, Sagd