Теоретический анализ изучения феномена билингвизм

Аннотация

Калит сўзлар: Мақолада икки тиллиликни ҳар томонлама ўрганиш икки тиллилик, зарурлиги ҳақида олимларнинг илмий-назарий позиция- комплекс ёндашув, лари очиб берилган. Мақолада икки тиллиликни ҳар томон- икки тиллиликни лама ўрганишнинг асосий жиҳатлари бўйича олимларнинг ўрганиш, ўқувчи, ишлари таҳлил қилинган. Мақола муаллифлари икки икки тиллик, тиллиликни ўрганишга янги нейро-психологик ёндашувни руҳий механизм, амалга ошириш зарурлиги ҳақида баҳс юритишган. қобилият, тил, нутқ. 1 Lecturer, Ferghana State University, Ferghana, Uzbekistan. E-mail: myuldasheva229@gmail.com. Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 6 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415 Теоретический анализ изучения феномена билингвизма АННОТАЦИЯ Ключевые слова: В статье раскрываются научно-теоретические позиции икки тиллилик, ученых по вопросу о необходимости исследования комплекс ёндашув, билингвизма комплексно. В работе проанализированы труды икки тиллиликни ученых об основных аспектах комплексного исследования ўрганиш, ўқувчи, билингвизма. Авторы статьи утверждают о необходимости икки тиллик, реализации нового – нейропсихологического подхода к руҳий механизм, исследованию билингвизма. қобилият, тил, нутқ. Bilingualism as a social phenomenon is becoming increasingly important and is becoming an important attribute of modern society. The position of the Council of Europe on the proclamation of multilingualism, multiculturalism, cultural conformity, anthropocentricity as significant principles of education system, determines the actualization of the study of the resource of bilingualism in the development of the bilingual student’s personality. Bilingualism is one of the most complex problems and there is no doubt that it is necessary to study it comprehensively. The need to create an integrated theory of bilingualism is recognized by many scientists and some studies have attempted to implement a comprehensive approach to the problem of bilingualism [2; 5]. According to M.M. Mikhailov [7], this is due to the fact that the object under study (bilingualism) is a complex scientific problem and in its study it is necessary to apply the methods of related and non-adjacent sciences – linguistics, psychology, sociology, ethnography, pedagogy, literary studies, etc. This is recognized by all researchers. A.E. Karlinsky [5] identifies three aspects of the study of bilingualism: linguistic, sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic; M.M. Mikhailov [7] identified four aspects: linguistic, psychological, socio-political and educational-methodological. E.M. Vereshchagin notes that “the problems of bilingualism can be considered from 6 different points of view, and each time the research subject is allocated quite consistently and each time the study assumes the use of an independent methodology” [2. P. 5]. Bilingualism,according to E.M. Vereshchagina, is the subject of research of the following sciences: 1) psychology, 2) linguistics, 3) sociology, 4) psycholinguistics, 5) sociolinguistics, 6) social psychology. Recently, there has been another promising approach to the study of the patterns of bilingualism – neuropsychological [2]. Already in the early monographic studies of bilingualism, attempts to reflect the complexity of the problem are traced. Thus, W. Weinreich noted that “much greater depth and validity of the study of language contact can be achieved on an interdisciplinary basis”, since “language contact can be best understood only in a broad psychological and socio- cultural context” [1. P. 26]. In this monograph, the problem has already been posed: how sociocultural and psychological factors influence the nature of the bilingual speech product, in particular, the appearance of interference in the bilingual speech. However, the problem was only identified, but not solved. In fact, the complexity of this study was manifested in the consistent consideration of some issues related to the bilingual society, the bilingual individual and the linguistic problems of the interaction of languages in contact. 201 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 6 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415 The same kind of complexity – on the basis of juxtaposition – is found in the monograph of E.M. Vereshchagin [2], where the psychological, sociological and linguistic aspects of bilingualism are consistently considered. In the 60s and 80s of the twentieth century, the complexity of the study of bilingualism was realized through the development of borderline sciences- psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics, combining a linguistic approach with a psychological or sociological one. The sociolinguistic approach to the study of bilingualism involves the identification of those social factors that affect the nature of the speech product of bilinguals. Yu.D. Desheriev notes that the purpose of a comprehensive study of bilingualism is a socially differentiated characteristic of bilinguistic material (according