Методы обучения переводу прозы

Аннотация

Ключевые слова: Перевод – одна из важнейших форм межнационального художественная общения. Но его творческая природа, его искусство литература, воспроизведения не меняется. Объем и развитие перевода интерпретация, зависит от уровня просвещенности каждой нации и, в свою оригинал, исходный текст, очередь, оказывает эффективное влияние на социальное переведенный текст, мышление нации. Перевод – это не только мост дружбы в параллельные тексты, истории человечества, но и широкий путь к культуре и единица перевода, просвещению. Перевод – искусство сложное, но интересное. историко-литературный Какое удовольствие переводить произведение искусства, контекст. созданное на чужом для нас языке, на наш родной язык, создавать художественную идею. В статье описаны методы перевода прозы и теория перевода. Among the many complex problems that modern linguistics studies, an important place is occupied by the study of linguistic aspects of interlingual speech activity, which is called “translation” or “translation activity” [1]. Studying translation as a special type of speech communication, translation theory is not limited to the analysis of its linguistic mechanism. After all, translation is not only the interaction of languages, but also the interaction of cultures. The translation reflects both the situation of the generation of the original text and the situation of the translation. It will hardly be possible to adequately describe the translation process without taking into account the fact that it is carried out not by an idealized construct, but by a person whose value and psychological orientation inevitably affects the final result [3]. We are interested in this work, first of all, the consideration of the translation process in terms of a pragmatic one, that is, interlanguage transformation or transformation of a text in one language into a text in another language. The original text is not “transformed”, on the basis of it another text is created, which differs from the original text in terms of expression, that is, in form, but equivalent to it in terms of content, that is, coinciding with it in meaning. Based on this, we can say that “translation is the process of transforming a speech work in one language into a speech work in another language while maintaining an unchanged content plan, that is, meaning” [1]. It is necessary to note one more question that arises in connection with the above definition of translation equivalence as based on the preservation of an unchanged content plan, that is, meaning. At the same time, it is taken into account that language units are characterized by a two- dimensionality, the presence of both form and meaning. In this case, the decisive role for translation is played by the fact that different languages contain units that differ in terms of expression, that is, in form, but coincide in terms of content, that is, in meaning. If we replace the English brother with the Uzbek “aka”, then the process of translation takes place here, since these words, which differ in terms of expression, that is, in form, are the same or equivalent in terms of content, that is, in meaning. Most often, the minimum text (speech work) is a sentence, therefore the translation process is usually carried out within one sentence, and the sentence, as a rule, eliminates the discrepancy between units of different languages in terms of content. So, when translating, not only is the English word brother replaced by the Uzbek “aka” or the English lives by the Uzbek “yashamiq”, but the entire English sentence “My brother lives in London” is replaced by the Uzbek sentence “Mening akam Londonda yashaydi”, which differs from 107 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 5 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415 the original English sentence in terms of expression, that is, form, but equivalent to it in terms of content, that is, coinciding with it in meaning[4]. The main problem that the translator encounters when transferring referential meanings expressed in the source text is the discrepancy between the range of meanings inherent in units of two languages, because there are no two different languagesin which semantic units - morphemes, words, stable phrases – would coincide completely in the entire scope of its referential meanings. L.S. Barkhudarov[1] reduces the types of semantic correspondences between the lexical units of two languages to three main ones: 1) full correspondence; 2) partial compliance; 3) lack of correspondence. Considering these three cases separately, L.S. Barkhudarov emphasizes that for the theory and practice of translation, the last two cases (partial correspondence and complete lack of correspondence) are of particular interest and difficulty. Of course, the translation of vocabulary that does not have correspondences in the target language is a certain difficulty, but this difficulty is completely surmountable. Any language can in principle express any