Влияние пандемии коронавируса на авиационную отрасль Узбекистана

Аннотация

Калит сўзлар: Мақолада ташилаётган товарлар ҳажмини таҳлил қилиш коронавирус пандемияси, асосида қабул қилинган инқирозга қарши чораларнинг авиация саноати, таъсири таҳлил қилинади, дунёда коронавирус пандемияси янги истиқболлар, келтириб чиқарган ҳозирги шароитда соҳа муаммолари инқирозга қарши чоралар, ҳаво транспорти, тасвирланган. Иқтисодий ривожланишга салбий таъсирни давлат. юмшатиш бўйича аниқ чора-тадбирлар ишлаб чиқилган. 1 Master, University of World Economy and Diplomacy. Tashkent, Uzbekistan. 2 Сandidate of legal Sciences (PhD), Assistant Professor, University of World Economy and Diplomacy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 5 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415 Влияние пандемии коронавируса на авиационную отрасль Узбекистана АННОТАЦИЯ Ключевые слова: В статье дан анализ влияния предпринятых пандемия коронавируса, антикризисных мер на основе анализа объемов авиационная перевозимых грузов, охарактеризованы проблемы отрасли промышленность, в сложившихся обстоятельствах, вызванные пандемией новые перспективы, антикризисные меры, коронавируса в мире. Сформулированы конкретные меры воздушный транспорт, по смягчению негативного влияния на развитие экономики. государство. UNWTO strongly stated “Stay at home today. Start tomorrow”. Containing the pandemic is our top priority, and tourism is committed to supporting all measures taken to contain the outbreak. However, these measures have led to the fact that the tourism sector has become one of the most difficult to access, and this has huge consequences for the economy of the whole world [1]. Tourism is an economic engine and one of the main pillars of supporting global growth and development. It accounts for 30% of global service exports and 1 for every 10 jobs in the world. Regardless of the economic classification of low–, middle – or high-income countries, the contribution of tourism is multi-level and cross-sectoral [2]. It is also a vital source of employment, especially for women and youth, as well as income from tourism and foreign direct investment. The closure of the external and internal borders in March this year not only reduced the revenues of tourism companies to zero, but also led in some cases to significant losses. Many companies in the country face the threat of bankruptcy of hotel, transport, as well as catering, sightseeing and consulting services in the field of tourism[3]. At present, worldwide, the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus infection has caused a number of problems, not only with domestic contractual relations, but also greatly affecting foreign trade and foreign economic relations between foreign partners [4], as well as the transport industry through air transport. Despite the fact that COVID-19 coronavirus infections were spread all over the world at the beginning of 2020, foreign economic contracts have not stopped, but their volume has decreased. Although there were problems associated with the inability to fulfill obligations under previously concluded foreign economic contracts. This, in turn, has also had a significant impact on the foreign economic relations of many countries due to the established internal restrictions [5] in various sectors and, of course, in aviation, a sharp decline in their revenues, in particular restrictions on flights to carry passengers and luggage. All this shows the need for special attention in this sector. Losses in the volume of passenger and cargo transportation within the republic and beyond its borders can undoubtedly significantly slow down the growth of the economy of Uzbekistan. During the antiviral measures, an anti-crisis fund [4] was created to support entrepreneurship, infrastructure projects, and the leading sectors of the republic’s economy, including tourism and transport. As a priority measure, a commission has been established in Uzbekistan to study the situation in the country and abroad in connection with the spread of this type of coronavirus [6]. 290 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 5 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415 According to forecasts of experts in the tourism industry of Uzbekistan, losses amounted to up to 31 million US dollars [7], all this led to the idleness of the country’s aviation sector and to large financial losses, both for the state and for the private sector. In order to prevent bankruptcy, the sector was provided with a number of preferences: debt on loans without accrual of penalties, revision loan repayment schedules for Uzbekistan Airways JSC, exemption from payment of land tax and property tax, and payment of social tax at a reduced rate of 1 percent [8]. When analyzing the main indicators of transport for the 1st quarter of 2020, the dynamics shows a decrease in traffic volumes due to the restrictions imposed by some countries on air traffic in transit traffic – 52.5%. For example, in the 1st quarter of this year, indicators for air