DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING DRY EXTRACT FROM MULBERRY BRANCHES

Аннотация

Natural product compounds have recently received significant attention from the scientific community due to their potent effects on inflammatory diseases, including cancer. A significant number of studies, including preclinical, clinical and epidemiological studies, have shown that consumption of polyphenols, found in large quantities in grains, legumes, vegetables and fruits, can prevent the development of a number of diseases, including cancer. KEYWORDS A significant number of studies, including preclinical, clinical, an auxiliary, not vital role. INTRODUCTION polyphenols (also called phytophenols) have important antioxidant properties. Living cells naturally Currently, more than 8,000 phenolic compounds have produce oxidative compounds such as free radicals, been discovered, more than half of which belong to which are highly reactive singlet electrons (example: the flavonoid family, making it the most important superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, etc.). These family of polyphenols, tannins, lignans, as well as free radicals play a dual role: one protects the body by stilbenes. Polyphenols are very widespread molecules having a bactericidal or antiviral effect (produced by in the plant kingdom. These are secondary metabolites macrophages), and the other has a harmful effect by that will play an auxiliary, not vital role. It is these altering the basic macromolecules of life: DNA breaks, phenolic compounds that will be responsible for the lipid peroxidation or even protein oxidation. These free taste and nutritional value of fruits and vegetables. radicals are mainly produced by the mitochondria, Due to the presence of hydroxyl chemical groups where oxygen produced during respiration is associated with benzene rings (or phenols), plant Volume 03 Issue 11-2023 182 International Journal of Pedagogics (ISSN – 2771-2281) VOLUME 03 ISSUE 11 PAGES: 182-187 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6. 676) OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi converted into superoxide anion. Their toxic effect Preferably the branches used have a moisture level of underlies the transformation of healthy cells into less than 20%, preferably less than 5%. cancer cells, as well as cellular aging. Thus, polyphenols will capture singlet electrons, making them mobile The invention also proposes to extract resveratrol using a process in which, after the drying step of the within the polyphenol molecule and therefore much mulberry branches, an extraction step is carried out less reactive towards neighboring molecules. using a solvent selected from a set comprising The results showed that the content of resveratrol in products having a carbonyl radical, such as, for currants was only 1.9 mg/kg, mulberry roots were 32.45 example, esters, ketones and alcohols are provided. and 3.15 μg/g, respectively, which is significantly higher method, the extraction is preferably carried out in the than in mulberry fruits (0.48 and 0.0020 μg /g) and absence of water. This is contrary to all known mulberry branches (5.70 and 0.33 µg/g). processes of the prior art, where the solvent used for the extraction of resveratrol is always an aqueous Other sources of resveratrol include: Cocoa beans and solvent. The solvent used to carry out this extraction therefore dark chocolate, containing 0.4 mg/kg; may be, for example, ethanol or acetone, both of Cranberry: juice contains 0.27 mg/kg; Raw peanuts which give very good results, but acetone is the contain up to 0.147 mg/kg (after roasting, peanuts lose preferred solvent. most of their resveratrol content); Rhubarb, pomegranate and blackberries also contain small To increase the extraction yield, several sequential amounts of resveratrol. contacts can be carried out, as well as continuously with countercurrent circulation of crushed branches Resveratrol exists in nature in two forms: cis- and extraction solvent. resveratrol and trans-resveratrol. It is in the second form that it is most active, since its antioxidant activity Preferably, the method according to the invention is 7 times higher than that of cis-resveratrol. includes, after the extraction stage, a primary purification stage, in which an aqueous-alcohol Extracts obtained from mulberry branches do not mixture is used as the primary purification solvent. The contain emodin or other irritating active ingredients solvent used is, for example, a mixture of water and and do not require the use of advanced purification ethanol. methods. To obtain an even more concentrated product, the For this purpose, the proposed process is an extraction process may include an additional secondary process of resveratrol from mulberry branches. purification step in which a water-alcohol mixture having a lower alcohol content than the alcohol To extract resveratrol, mulberry branches were air- content of the primary purification solvent is used as dried for at least two months; branches air-dried for three months gave very good results.