PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATING NON-EQUIVALENT LEXICS

Аннотация

The aim of this article is to inform about problems on the process of translating non-equivalent lexis as well shed a light on them. The expression of national identity is primarily associated with vocabulary. Such vocabulary becomes an object of study in linguistics, since its semantization involves entering the cultural and historical context, and acquaintance with the environment (natural and material) must be carried out. KEYWORDS Non-equivalent vocabulary, prototype, lacunae, realities, lexicon, connotative meaning. INTRODUCTION constancy of impact and appearance. Conceptual universals related to the universal sign of knowledge Non-equivalent vocabulary should be distinguished can have different prototypes, that is, in each language from vocabulary that corresponds to another language (including in the collective linguistic consciousness), in at the conceptual level, but differs at the prototype accordance with the universal concept, their own level. Prototype is a representative (religious, sacred, personal, nationally specific image of the concept is standard) version of the most famous invariant given, other native speakers cannot even think about structural object, which has the greatest specificity it. Living in a certain material environment, a person (intervention of specific features of this object), often forgets or does not know: “The landscape is artificial variants, characterized by a high degree of different everywhere. Everywhere people are Volume 02 Issue 11-2022 21 International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN – 2771-2834) VOLUME 02 ISSUE 11 Pages: 21-27 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) OCLC – 1121105677 METADATA IF – 5.914 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi unfamiliar with the sea or snow, the soil is not jmurki, xorovod, chastushka; balalayka, everywhere brown (in many places it can be more red, garmon; podvoda, popona). yellow or black) and even the grass depends on the • Historicisms (arshin, versta, pud, funt; kaflan, amount of moisture in it and its location in the sun (for armyak; volost, uezd). example, in Australia, a grassy area is more yellow or • Vocabulary that forms the components of brown than green)" phraseological units (Ni zgi ne vidno - You can’t see it; Popast vprosak - Get into a mess.; Uznat Each language has a sufficient number of words that vsu podnogotnuyu - Know all the ins and outs). are not clearly pronounced in other languages. This is • Folklore words (sujeno'y, Snegurochka, Baba- the so-called non-equivalent vocabulary, which is Yaga, domovoy, leshiy etc.). revealed when comparing two cultures. It basically • Words borrowed from the languages of the represents specific events of this national culture. peoples of our country (tyubeteyka, xalat, When equated, non-equivalent words are called papaxa, kubanka, piala, saksaul, parubok, exoticisms; they not only represent a foreign culture, getman, chadra, etc.). form and interpret its components, but also symbolize it. For example, sakura, ikebana - symbols of Japanese For foreigners studying Russian, the above words culture; bases, kuren, maidan - the words of the life of seem doubly unequal. the Don Cossacks and so on. As mentioned earlier, non- The inequality is figuratively connected with the so- equivalent vocabulary is usually a lexical unit that does called lacunae, that is, with omitted concepts that are not have a lexical equivalent due to the lack of relevant not in the language landscape of the language. There realities (objects, events) in the social practice of their are the following types of lacunae associated with owners or the absence of lexical units representing various extra linguistic factors: relevant concepts. • subjective, or national-psychological lacunae Usually, the following groups of non-equivalent (national-psychological characteristics of the vocabulary are distinguished: participants in the conversation); Words denoting the realities of Russian culture: • activity-communicative gaps (the specifics of • sovietisms (district council, collective farm, different types of activities characteristic of the two state farm, five-year plan, udamik, agitpunkt, compared cultures); etc.), new words of life ( xudojestvennaya • gaps in cultural space (incompatibility of the samodeyatelnost, profilaktoriy, klub, existing "cultural space" with communicators); subbotnik, pioner, komsomolets ). • Traditional household phenomena and objects Words that are not equivalent to the absence of the (rassolnik, okroshka, bublik; baranka, corresponding object or event in another culture are sorochka, perednik, valenki; varejki, gorodki, called realities. Russian realities, such as the Baronya, kamarinskaya, gusli, balalayka, skomorox, Petrushka; Volume 02 Issue 11-2022 22 International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN – 2771-2834) VOLUME 02 ISSUE 11 Pages: 21-27 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) OCLC – 1121105677 METADATA IF – 5.914 Publisher: Oscar Pu