АНАЛИЗ ГЕНДЕРНЫХ РАЗЛИЧИЙ СТРОЕНИЯ ЧЕЛЮСТЕЙ ЖИТЕЛЕЙ ГОРОДА САМАРКАНДА ПО ДАННЫМ КОНУСНО-ЛУЧЕВОЙ КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЙ ТОМОГРАФИИ

Аннотация

На основании анализа данных конусно-лучевой компьютерной томографии 50 человек (25 мужчин и 25 женщин) зрелого возраста (от 32 лет до 59 лет) изучены особенности строения зубочелюстных сегментов в области 13, 14, 15, 16, 23, 24, 25 зубов верхней челюсти и 34, 35, 36, 44, 45, 46 зубов нижней челюсти, ретромолярного пространства нижней челюсти, частоты наличия разрастания слизистой (мембраны Шнайдера), выстилающей стенки полости верхней челюсти, частоты перфорации дна полости верхней челюсти верхушками корней клыков, премоляров и первых моляров, одонтометрия 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 зубов верхней челюсти и 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6 зубов нижней челюсти. Высота кости нижней челюсти у мужчин оказалась большей за счёт альвеолярной части, общая длина 3.6, 4.6 зубов нижней челюсти, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 2.3, 2.4, 2.6 зубов верхней челюсти, размеры основания ретромолярной ямки у мужчин оказались большими у мужчин, частота перфорации дна полости верхней челюсти верхушками корней клыков и первых премоляров оказалась выше у мужчин, размеры (переднезадний размер и высота) гайморовых пазух оказались большими у мужчин. Установлено, что высота кости верхней челюсти у мужчин и женщин не различалась, а 1.4, 2.4, 1.6, 2.6 зубы верхней челюсти были больше у мужчин за счёт коронковой части. Полученные данные помогут улучшить процедуру одномоментной дентальной имплантации и аугментации альвеолярного отростка. Ключевые слова: рентгенография, одонтометрия, высота кости, утолщение слизистой оболочки, верхнечелюстные пазухи. Relevance: The study of morphological features of dental segments is important for planning surgical interventions for the installation of dental implants, the location of which should be as physiological as possible [9]. When performing simultaneous implantation at the stage of tooth extraction, the doctor may encounter a communication of the maxillary sinus with the oral cavity or a lack of bone volume. Atrophy of the alveolar process is often considered in the literature, we also studied the anatomy of the maxillary segments normally in mature age individuals living in the territory of the city of Samarkand, taking into account gender differences to improve the preoperative planning stage of simultaneous dental implantation. The retromolar space is a donor zone from which bone can be taken, if necessary, augmentation of the implantation bed in case of atrophy or insufficient bone volume [4], [6], [10]. The size of the base of the retromolar fossa, as well as the relationship of the indicator with gender, are rarely or absent in the literature. Examination of the maxillary sinuses is important for the diagnosis of chronic sinusitis, which morphologically can manifest itself in the form of thickening of the mucous membrane lining the sinus wall [2], which is a contraindication to sinus-lifting surgery. Odontogenic sinusitis can be predicted due to information about the location of the root tips in the maxillary sinus [3], [8]. The study of the morphological features of the sinuses of each individual patient is of great importance when planning the treatment of sinusitis surgically [5]. The study was carried out using the technology of cone-beam computed tomography, the most accurate and effective X-ray method [1], [7]. The purpose of the work: to study the structural features of the upper and lower jaws and maxillary sinuses in mature age individuals, male and female, living on the territory of the city of Samarkand, based on cone-beam computed tomography data. Materials and methods of the study: The analysis of cone-beam tomograms of 50 people (25 of them males and 25 of them females) of mature age (from 32 to 59 years) living in the territory 239 of the Samarkand region, obtained on a Vaitech computed tomograph, was carried out. Measurements of the size of the sinuses (anteroposterior size, height and width), the parameters of the maxillary segments in the teeth area were carried out 1.3, 2.3, 1.4, 2.4, 1.5, 2.5, 1.6, 2.6 and teeth 3.4, 4.4, 3.5, 4.5, 3.6, 4.6, the size of the retromolar space. The occurrence of growths of the mucosa (Schneider's membrane) lining the walls of the maxillary cavity, the frequency of perforation of the bottom of the maxillary sinus by the tips of the roots of the teeth was investigated 1.3, 2.3, 1.4, 2.4, 1.5, 2.5, 1.6, 2.6. Odontometry of teeth was performed 1.3, 2.3, 1.4, 2.4, 1.5, 2.5, 1.6, 2.6 and teeth 3.4, 4.4, 3.5, 4.5, 3.6, 4.6. The method of cone-beam computed tomography was used. Statistical analysis was performed in the Statistica 10.0 program, and reliable indicators were attributed to gender differences (at p ⩽ 0.05). The units of measurement are millimeters. Results of the study: In the course of the study, we identified gender differences in the overall height of the lower jaw body in the studied areas. In the group of men, the bone height in the area of the 3.4 tooth was higher, which was (32.18±0.43 for men vs. 28.57±0.40 for women), 4.4 tooth (31.57±0.38