MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DESIGN OF ROADS AND RAILWAYS

Аннотация

The article discusses the issues of design, construction and operation of highways, which include a huge number of tasks related to both planning, project coordination with existing infrastructure, and solving local technical problems. Each project involves a large number of participants whose interests should be taken into account. Information modeling, special software help to solve these and other tasks. Keywords: modern information technologies, information design of roads and railways Recently, there has been a significant increase in the requirements on the part of the customer for the quality of transport facilities projects in the context of the need to shorten the design time. In this regard, an urgent task is the introduction of new technologies at all stages of project development from engineering surveys to computational justification and design. Modern design technologies assume, firstly, the use of professional software to solve the tasks, secondly, the availability of special means of organizing joint work on the project, which allows to increase the reliability of data and minimize the time for approving changes, and thirdly, the possibility of designing a transport structure as a single object, including interconnected elements. In this case, making changes to one element automatically leads to changes in others related to it, which, in turn, significantly reduces the design time. Let’s consider the main characteristics of software tools on the basis of which a modern technology for designing infrastructure facilities can be built, as well as examples of tasks solved with their help. GeODin Program. This program is designed to process engineering and geological survey data. Engineering and geological surveys are a necessary stage of the pre-project study of the territory provided for construction. The results obtained at this stage largely determine the technology of design and construction, as well as provide the necessary data on the characteristics of soils that are used in the calculation justification [1]. To solve the problems of processing field and laboratory research data in the technological chain under consideration, it is proposed to use the GeODin program developed by the German company FUGRO. This program allows you to perform not 74 “Актуальные вопросы развития инновационно- информационных технологий на транспорте” АВРИИТТ-2021 I-Республиканская научно-техническая конференция (Ташкент, 24-25 ноября 2021 года) only data processing to obtain the necessary graphs and tables, but also to create a Database of Geological Data of the territory, which can be replenished, adjusted and used in the design of other objects. Plaxis software package. This complex is designed to carry out the design justification of the project, taking into account the joint work of structural elements in a complex geotechnical system “structure-base”, taking into account the technology of construction of the object and its further operation. For linear structures, first of all, calculations are performed to substantiate projects of road embankments for various purposes. When performing these calculations, the design engineer faces a large number of complex geotechnical tasks. These tasks are related to the need to take into account a number of important provisions and factors in the project, which include: – the geological structure of an inhomogeneous soil base, the properties of soils and the mechanical processes occurring in them; – special construction conditions related to the proximity of existing structures, the availability of utilities; – technologies for the construction of the roadbed and technologies for the artificial improvement of the foundation soils; – application of combined building structures of ground and underground structures and their interaction with the ground; – static and dynamic loading conditions during construction and operation of the structure. The correct choice of the solution of the tasks facing designers determines the high rates of efficiency and reliability of the constructed and operated transport construction facilities. One of the modern software tools for geotechnical calculations is the Plaxis software package, which is a package of applied computing programs for finite element analysis of the stress-strain state of complex geotechnical systems [2]. The AutoCAD Civil 3D program The program offers the technology of designing the future. The use of this program allows you to solve the problems of processing geodetic survey data (creating a top plane and a digital terrain model) and designing transport facilities in a single information environment. This practically eliminates the need to convert data from one program to another, which, as a rule, is associated with the loss of time, and sometimes the data itself. But most importantly, AutoCAD Civil 3D implements the approach of designing a road as a single three-dimensional object. The necessary working documentati