SOCIO-ECONOMIC LIFE IN THE SOMONIAN PERIOD

Аннотация

This article describes the socio-economic life of the Samanid period. It also describes the main part of the population of Movarounnahr and Khorezm in the IX-X centuries engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry. In addition, the factors that led to the change in socio-economic life during the Samanid period are analyzed. KEYWORDS Samanid period, Mamun and Amin, Noah to Samarkand, Ahmad to Fergana, Yahya to Shosh, Khorasan, Arab caliphs. INTRODUCTION sesame, peas, flax, jute and others. Oil was obtained from flax, sesame and cannabis. Cotton growing In the IX-X centuries the main part of the population played an important role in the oases. Fine-grained of Movarounnahr and Khorezm was engaged in cotton varieties were grown. In Movarounnahr, irrigated agriculture. Grain-growing, rice-growing, various medicines and dyes were made from plants. cotton-growing, vegetable-growing, melon-growing and horticulture were highly developed in the Horticultural culture was widely developed. Grapes, serunum oases irrigated by irrigation networks. The pomegranates, figs, apples, pears, quinces, apricots, population grew barley, wheat, millet, mosh, lentils, peaches, plums, cherries, mulberries, junipers and Volume 02 Issue 04-2022 1 American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN – 2771-2141) VOLUME 02 ISSUE 04 Pages: 01-07 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 6. 015) OCLC – 1121105677 METADATA IF – 5.968 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi many other fruits were grown in the orchards and for minting coins. At its center are the Registan gardens. Grapes were used to make magiz, molasses, Square, the devons, the court palace, as well as the vinegar and wine. In Movarounnahr and Khorezm, luxurious palaces of nobles, courtiers, priests, vegetables and melons were abundant, and melons landowners and wealthy merchants, workshops for were extremely juicy. Cut melons and melon stalks making weapons, tools, saddles, handicraft shops and were taken to the distant cities of the East. The tax on stalls. . During this period, artisans, merchants and agriculture, the revenue from rent, covered a large others from the surrounding villages came to the city, part of the state revenue. That is why the Samanids and new neighborhoods, markets and rastas of paid great attention to the development of artisans and craftsmen appeared along its entrance. agriculture in the country. Irrigation specialists, such Cities such as Bukhara, Samarkand, Urgench, Merv, as mirob, joibon and poykor, worked all summer to Binkat, Kesh, Akhsikat have a large center of medieval deliver water to the farmers. craftsmanship and a dense settlement. In the IX-X centuries in Movarounnahr and Khorasan High-quality paper was produced in Samarkand. Shosh cattle breeding was at a high level. Herds of sheep was famous for its leather goods and leather goods, and goats, herds of horses and camels grazed in the and Iloq was famous for its silver and lead mines and steppes and foothills of the country. In the villages, its silver coinage. Boat-building is developing in especially large horned animals were innumerable. In Khorezm. Boats made in Khorezm and Termez carried the cities, almost all species of domestic animals were oil continuously along the Amu Darya to the Aral Sea, raised. Livestock not only provided the country's lightening the load of traders. population with livestock products, but also provided During this period, along with cities, villages also horses for all sectors of the economy. Horses, played an important role in the economic life of the donkeys, camels and oxen are used in conjunction country. The brown "zandanachi" woven in the village with oxen, carts, oxen and mules. It was especially of Zandana in Bukhara and the fabric made in the important to provide the state's military forces, village of Vador in Samarkand were known in the East especially cavalry, with cavalry. as "vadoriy". METHODS Mining, which has been going on in the mountainous In the cities of Movarounnahr and Khorezm, regions of Movarounnahr since ancient times, finally professions such as textiles, ceramics, pottery, developed in the IX-X centuries. Iron, copper, lead, coppersmithing, jewelry, glassmaking and carpentry gold, silver, turquoise and other precious stones were are developing. As a result, the overall appearance of mined in the Zarafshan mountains. Ilak region was cities will change radically. Large high-rise buildings, one of the major centers of silver and lead mining. workshops, mosques, madrasas, mausoleums, Iron, lead, silver, mercury, copper, tin, turquoise and khanaqahs and caravanserais were erected there. novshadil were mined in the mountains of the Now the cities will become a major center of Fergana Valley. Even coal and oil were found and used handicrafts with more than a dozen gates. In the arch in Fergana at that time. Near the mines were villages on the hillside of the city, as usual, there was a royal of smelters and miners who smelted ore. In