A STUDY OF THE AGGRESSIVE STATUS OF FOOTBALL FANS

Аннотация

; The President of Uzbekistan, Sh. M. Mirziyoyev, and the government have paid great attention to Olympic sports, including athletics. The Law on "Physical Education and Sports" of the Republic of Uzbekistan (revised in 2015), Presidential Decree No. PQ-5368 on "Measures to Radically Improve the State Management System in the Field of Physical Education and Sports," and Decree No. PQ-3031 on "Measures to Further Develop Physical Education and Mass Sports" are clear examples of this. The role of high sports achievements, the intensifying competition at international competitions, and the generational change of athletes in national teams highlight the need for scientifically grounded systems for selecting and training promising young athletes. In the selection of children for sports, along with other indicators, determining their individual physical readiness, technical training indicators, and personal qualities is essential. The need for scientific research on effective approaches and methods to improve the process of selecting and identifying talented young sprinters defines the relevance of this work. Keywords: athletics, physical training, sprinter, speed, running, training, distance, muscles, stadium, relay race, research Enter Physiological and Anatomical Characteristics of Sprinters Sprint races are categorized based on distance, ranging from 60 meters (held in indoor facilities) up to 400 meters. The requirements for physical readiness in sprinting vary depending on the length of the race, but speed remains the most important factor for all distances. The speed in sprinting is primarily determined by the rapid contraction of muscles needed for high-speed running. The rate of muscle contraction is largely dependent on the properties of muscle fibers. The best sprinters possess a higher percentage of fast-twitch muscle fibers compared to long-distance runners. There is a 174 ISSN (E): 2181-4570 ResearchBib Impact Factor: 6,4 / 2023 SJIF 2024 = 5.073/Volume-2,Issue-10 saying that sprinters are "born, not made," but this is only partially true. Training plays a significant role in improving the ability of muscles to contract quickly for fast movements. These abilities can be developed through proper training, which also improves strength, coordination, and endurance, contributing to success in sprinting events. Additionally, training can enhance the performance of fast-twitch muscle fibers, allowing them to contract more quickly. Research shows that the muscle composition of sprinters is also influenced by neurological and metabolic factors, which can affect performance. Sprinters have also been studied in terms of anatomical and morphological characteristics, specifically the relationship between stride length and pace, which is affected by the athlete’s height, leg length, and the strength of their thigh muscles. Enhancing stride length through strength training can significantly improve the performance of less skilled sprinters. It is generally easier for female athletes to increase their pace compared to males, and the difference between the pace of highly skilled sprinters and their less skilled counterparts is relatively small. The optimal time to begin stride-length training is after the onset of puberty, typically around 15-17 years old for boys and 13-15 years old for girls. Despite differences in body size and leg length, athletes of various body types can achieve great success in sprinting. The anthropometric indicators of sprinters, such as height and leg length, are largely determined by genetics, passed down from their parents. The coordination capabilities of the nervous system, which play a role in fast movements, are not significantly changed through training. However, studies show that many children can achieve a sprint distance of 150-160 meters at speed, while others of the same age may reach only 80-90 meters. Muscle fibers are classified into slow-twitch (red) and fast-twitch (white) fibers based on their mechanical work capacity. The method used to examine muscle fiber composition, called a muscle biopsy, involves extracting a sample of muscle tissue in a lab environment using specialized equipment. This diagnostic method, while scientifically important, is not widely used in sports practice for selection purposes. Sprint running is primarily a coordinated alternation of muscle movements. Simply observing the external form of a runner’s movements does not provide complete information about their performance. To understand sprinting techniques, one must first 175 ISSN (E): 2181-4570 ResearchBib Impact Factor: 6,4 / 2023 SJIF 2024 = 5.073/Volume-2,Issue-10 understand the internal mechanisms of movement, particularly how skeletal muscles contract to produce motion. The complex anatomical and physiological structures involved in sprinting make it difficult to model or describe precisely. The challenge lies in accounting for not only the muscles of the legs but also those of the body an