Прагматические функции современной английской фразеологии

Аннотация

Ключевые слова: Фразеологизмы – одна из самых спорных проблем в фразеологическая современной фразеологии. В данной статье излагаются концепция А.В. Кунина, результаты изучения основных прагматических функций фразеология, фразеологизмов в современном английском языке. фразеологическая Актуальность исследования состоит в насущной потребности идентификация, дифференцирования регулярных прагматических функций в отрасли лингвистики. английской фразеологии. Целью работы является анализ функций ФЕ на основе Британского национального корпуса (BNC) и оценка их количественных соотношений. Теоретическая база исследования – фразеологическая концепция А.В. Кунина. The research was carried out on linguistic material extracted from modern lexicographic sources. The main method of sampling phraseological units from the linguistic continuum and their semantic analysis is the method of phraseological identification, which was proposed by the founder of English phraseology as a branch of linguistics and as an independent scientific discipline, Professor A.V. Kunin. The point is that the problem of functioning of phraseological units is considered to be one of the most discussed problems in modern phraseology. The problem is of great importance for any language, and it is especially urgent for English as phraseological units present one of the intensive means of the development of the nominative system in that language, as having turned into an analytical one. The research is carried out on the language material extracted from modern lexicographic sources and from the British National Corpus. The main method of extraction of phraseological units out of the language continuum and their semantic analysis is the method of phraseological identification that was introduced by professor A.V. Kunin (1970: 38), an outstanding Soviet linguist, founder of the English phraseology as a branch of linguistic and as a self-contained linguistic discipline. A set of non-paradigmal methods and techniques of linguistics is employed as additional methods of the research, including a descriptive method with its procedures, methods of the definitional, phraseological and contextual analysis (Komarova, 2018: 564). In modern linguistic studies, the pragmatic function of any language sign (idioms and phraseologisms inclusive) is considered to be the basic one. It generally implies an intended sway, bringing about a change in another’s actions or thoughts. Practically, any text is characterized by its inborn pragmatic function, which, in its turn, has an irresistible impact on the phraseology employed by the author. On the other hand, phraseological units themselves are characterized by their powerful inborn influential value which cannot but intensify the pragmatic force of the text and of the context as part of the text. Bearing that in mind, one may formulate a hypothesis: the varieties of the PU pragmatic function, belonging to regular functions (Kunin, 1996: 115), may be classified into stylistic, cumulative, directive, evaluative, summarizing, text-building functions and their sub-types. The Cumulative Function The cumulative function presents one of the main instances and mechanisms in the economy of language means [1-3]. And that function appears to be one of the leading functions that are inherent in such communicative phraseological units as proverbs, because they generalize the life and cultural memory of people: Art is long, life is short; Life is not all beer and skittles; Evil communications corrupt good manners; Distance lends enchantment to the view; A stitch in time saves nine, 314 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 4 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415 etc., e.g.: (a) My aunt said I’d be wanting to go to the coal merchant’s next, and my uncle said: ‘Evil communications corrupt good manners’. (W.S. Maugham, Cakes and Ale) (b) Tis distance lends enchantment to the view, And robes the mountain in its azure hue (Th. Campbell, The Pleasures of Hope). (c) Even with fees added on, the final bill would still be 500,000 less than anticipated. Plans to install new mortar in inside walls and to alter air conditioning equipment had to be abandoned but the move would save taxpayers’ money. But Conservative Coun. Peter Jones said the bill would have only been a fraction of that if the controlling Labour group had taken action when defects in the building were detailed in reports in 1985 and 1986. ‘A stitch in time saves nine’, he said. (BNC: [Northern Echo]. World affairs material, 1998: 5-43.). The Directive Function One more function is closely connected with the cumulative function: “directly managing, directing, influencing, and, in a certain way, bringing up, forming a person. We named it directive” (Vereshchagin, Kostomarov, 1990: 98). The following proverbs can serve as an illustration of the directive function: Kill not the goose that lays the golden eggs; Don’t take your harp to the party; You must