Номинативные и влияющие структуры слова

Аннотация

ed. Take, for example, the words road, house, stone, to walk, to sit, to swim. In the words road, house, stone, the objective expression manifests itself clearly. However, in the words to walk, to sit, to swim, although the action, the event is expressed clearly, but at the same time it is clear that the meaning of the denotation is abstract. Of course, derived words are nominative units that exist in the vocabulary of our language, but in their linguistic nature, they are sharply different from non-derivative words [7]. In descriptive linguistics one can find opinions about the similarity of internal structures of complex words and phrases, as well as suggestions. But the very concept of a complex word is not abolished. For example: a chimney sweeper – he sweeps chimneys – he cleans the pipes; The man refused to chair the session – the man’s refusal to chair the session. The founder of logical semantics G. Frege gave a fairly convincing interpretation of the notion of nominative content. He introduced the lexical nomination into the research agenda first, then the question of the need to consider the proposal as a nominative unit. The concepts of denotation and reference were also first used by this scientist [8]. The proposition is determined based on the number of arguments of the relational predicate: I returned the book to my brother; my brother received a book from me; the book was returned to me by my brother. Here there is a three-argument or three-place predicate: “return – get back – be returned”. Prior to the actualization of the arguments, the predicate is only a “propositional function”, an abstract possibility of proposition [9]. The nominative meaning is definitely based on proposition. Therefore, the concept of propositional nomination is widely used lately. The concept of propositional nomination is not only important for semantic learning of syntactic structures but also language phenomena. The fact that there is a certain situation behind the proposal requires a nominative event, and a situation always has a proposition behind it. This is the basis of the propositive nomination: 1. The rain dripped from the palm trees (O. Henri) – It was raining from the palm leaves. – After a second our door opened and a young man of high stature entered the room. In the first of the above sentences, we see a single proposition (because of the limited structure), so the situation and the sentence can be considered as an isomorphic phenomenon. Of course, this should be understood relatively, since the situation is behind the proposal and can become completely isomorphic event only with respect to the proposal. In the second sentence, because of the existence of two propositions, the situation and the proposal cannot become isomorphic events [10]. Thus, we can speak of a nominative meaning only when the syntactic structure requires a phrase or sentence. However, the situation can only be related to a sentence or a larger syntactic unit. And the situation can not arise without the participation of the human factor.