Влияние на рост, развитие и урожайность сортов картофеля при возделывания их ростками

Аннотация

The objects of the researches. There were studied 32 sorts of potatoes, among them: 14-early, 7 mid early and 11 -midripening ones. Planting by sprouted tubers according to scheme 70x20, by sprouts 70x30x3, 70x20x2, 70x1 Ox Ism; by unprocessed and processed tubers without sprouts in the solution of macro elements and stimulators of growth according to scheme 70x20 sm. Aim of the inquiry: the study of growth, development, the formation of yield and yieldcapacity of sorts of potatoes at cultivation them by sprouts, and on this base, the selection of sorts, elaboration of agrotechnical measures, allowing getting high super-early potatoes under conditions of long-term irrigated light grey-soils of Samarknd region. Methods of inquiry: field and laboratory tests were held according to the mcthodics of Allunion Institute of Plant-groving (1984, 1986), All-russian Scientific Research Institute of Potatofarming (1967, 1989) Uzbek Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable-gourds and Potatoes (1978), the State Commission on Sort Tests of Agricultural Crops (1974) B.D. Azimov, B.B. Azimov (2002) the obtained results were approved and analyzed by B.A. Dospckhov (1985) B.D.Azimov and B.B. Azimov (2002). The results achieved and their novelty: For the first time there were studied the growth, development, the formation of yield, the yield-capacity of early, mid-early and mid-ripening sorts of potatoes at cultivation by sprouts under conditions of long-term irrigated light grey-soils of Samarkand region. There were singled out the sorts and ascertained the optimal schemes and density of planting and revealed the possibility of application of seed tubers without sprouts. There was economically and scientifically substantiated the system of agrotechnical measures for singled out sorts, which allows to get high yield of potatoes, at cultivation by sprouts and tubers. The cultivation of singled out sorts (Red Scarlet, Binella, Marphona, Condor) of potatoes by sprouts on the recommended schemes and density (70x30x3 or 70x20x2 sm) provides the yield capacity 18-20 t/ha and processing the seed (uterine) tubers without sprouts in the solution of macro elements and stimulators of growth 20-25t/ha of marketable yield. Practical value: There were elaborated the recommendations ensuring the optimal growth, development and formation of yield of singled out sorts of potatoes for Samarqkand region. The recommendations on agrotechnical measures (2004-2007) were prepared and inculcated into production, the results of scientific researches are inculcated into educational process of the institute and colleges. The degree of inculcation and economical effectiveness: There were inculcated the singled out sorts of potatoes cultivated by sprouts and tubers on the area of 12 ha under conditions of long-term irrigated light grey-soils. The cultivation of potatoes by sprouts according to the schemes 70x30x3, 70x20x2 sm and by tubers processed with solutions of macro elements and stimulators of growth provides getting additional pure income of 160,4-338,4 thousand sums per ha at the degree of profitableness of 19,1-54,3% The sphere of usage: the conditions of long-term irrigated light grey-soils on specialized farms and plots of land attached to the house.