Влияние предпосадочной подготовки почвы, сроков посадки и мульчирования на урожайность раннего картофеля

Аннотация

The objects of the researches: the early ripening varieties of potatoes Kuvonch 16/56 m, Likaria, the mid-early ripening variety Sante, 3 variants of pre-planting preparation of soil, 3 variants of the time of planting, 4 variants on mulchation of the soil. Aim of the inquiry: The study of the influence of different terms of the pre-planting preparation, mulchation of the soils and spring planting on the growth, development, the formation of the yield, yield-capacity and seed quality of potato varieties and the choice of the variety under the conditions of long-term irrigated meadow-grey soils of Samarkand region, elaboration of agrotechnical measures, allowing getting high extra-early ripening potatoes for given conditions. Methods of inquiry: Field and laboratory experiments by the methodicts of All-union Institute of Plant-growing (1984, 1986), All-russian Scientific Research Institute of Potato Farming (1967,1989). The Uzbek Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable-melon crops and potatoes (1978), the State Commission on Variety Tests of Agricultural Crops (1974). The obtained results were approved and analysed by B.A.Dospehov (1985). The results achieved and their novelty: For the first time there was studied the inpluence of different terms and ways of pre-planting preparation, mulchation of soils and spring planting on the growth, development, the formation of the yield, the yield- capacity of early-ripening and mid-early-ripening varieties of potatoes under conditions of long term irrigated meadow-grey soils of Samarkand region. There were singled out the varieties and ascertained optimal terms and ways of pre-planting preparation, mulchation of soil, spring planting the soil. There were economically and scientifically substantiated the singled out varieties and systems of agrotechnical measures ensuring getting high extra-early ripening yields of potatoes. Practical value: Under the conditions of long-term-irrigated meadow-grey soils of Samarkand region there were studied the growth, developmeht and the formation of the yield of different varieties of potatoes, their productivity and yield-capacity. There were elaborated and inculcated into production the recommendations on the system of agrotechnical measures. The pre-planting preparation, mulchation of soil, spring planting in recommended terms and ways which allow getting high, stable and extra-early ripening yields no less than 25-28 tons per hectare. Degree of embed and economic effectivity: There were adopted the singled out varieties of potatoes (early ripening Kuvonch 16/56 m, Likaria, midearly ripening variety Sante) under the conditions of long-term-irrigated meadow-grey soils. The cultivation of these varieties at pre-planting preparation of the soil writh the help of milling cultivators “Dominator” + cutting the furrows in autumn, planting on the 10th-13th of February and mulchation of soil with light-transparent covering facilitate getting additional pure income per hectare 298,5-331,4 thousand sums and the standard of profitableness 35,8-39,2 %. Sphere of usage: In specialized farms under conditions of long term irrigated meadowgrey soils.