Физико-химическиеосновы и технология получения дефолиантов на основе хлоратов, роданидов и фосфатов этаноламинов

Аннотация

Subjects of the inquiry: ammonium, sodium of rodanides, chlorates of sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphates of mono-, di- and thrcctanolammonium. Aim of the inquiry: a physical-chemical substantiation and development of the basic technological circuit of reception with an establishment of optimum parameters of manufacture effective and softly working new defoliants on a basis chlorates of sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphates of mono-, di- and thrcctanolammonium, CMD. Method of inquiry: visual - polithcrmic, chemical, radiographic, IR-spcctroscopic, dcrivatographic analysis. The results achieved and their novelty: the author for the first time carries out regular researches using the method of solubility. Scientific data on solubility and character of firm phases in 11 systems consisting of water, chlorates of sodium, calcium, chloride -chlorate magnesium, rodanides of sodium and ammonium, phosphates of mono-, di- and thrcctanolammonium arc received. It is revealed, that between components of systems there arc exchange reactions to formation of chlorates of ammonium, mono-, di-and thrcathanolamines, rodanides of sodium, magnesium and little soluble salts of phosphates of calcium and magnesium. The optimum technological parameters of manufacture liquid highly effective defoliants arc established. Practical value: technologies of reception new highly effective soft action defoliants of cotton arc created. The basic technological circuits of reception effective liquid defoliants arc offered. Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the offered technologies arc tested on the integrated laboratory installation and operating time of their experimental batches of defoliants. The experiments on the fields have shown their high efficiency and "softness" of action on plants. The processing of 1 ha by offered defoliants is 2508 sum cheaper in comparison with liquid chlorate magnesium defoliant. Sphere of usage: the enterprise of the State joint-stock company "Uzkimyosanoat", agriculture.