METHODS OF DIAGNOSTICS OF FRONTITIS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION According to various authors [3, 4], PNS currently Inflammatory pathology of ENT organs accounts rank first among inflammatory diseases of ENT for 87% of all visits to an otolaryngologist [1], in the organs. The paranasal sinuses (PNS) are a single last decade the incidence of paranasal sinusitis morphological and functional system [5] with (PNS) has increased, and the proportion of similar etiological factors and mechanisms of hospitalized patients with this pathology increases disease development [6], therefore, when studying almost 3-fold annually. The problem of timely the epidemiology of PNS, it is necessary to assess diagnosis and treatment of PNS is currently quite the prevalence of diseases of not only each sinus relevant [2], despite the emergence of new modern separately, but also their combined lesions. S. Z. methods of conservative and surgical treatment. https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajmspr 26 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH (ISSN – 2689-1026) VOLUME 06 ISSUE08 Piskunov and G. Z. Piskunov believe that the ONP deformation or abnormal development of the are unique anatomical formations that are reserve structures of the ostiomeatal complex often leads protective elements of the upper respiratory tract, to narrowing of the frontonasal canal and, as a eye socket and brain [7]. This protective function consequence, to the formation of frontal sinusitis should be understood in the broadest sense of the [16]. word, taking into account the mucociliary system, In the etiology of acute rhinosinusitis, the leading temperature constancy, aerodynamic patterns and role is currently played by Streptococcus other factors. pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae, The primary focus of the lesion of the middle nasal Staphylococcus epidirmidis, Streptococcus passage, as a rule, are changes in the anterior and pyogenes, Moraxella catarrhalis. In the middle cells of the ethmoid sinuses, causing a development of chronic frontal sinusitis, violation of ventilation and mucociliary cleansing Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus of the maxillary and frontal sinuses. In the anterior pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae, Moraxella sections of the middle nasal passage, the inhaled air catarrhalis predominate [17]. The etiology of changes its direction, which contributes to the modern frontal sinusitis has changed significantly deposition of suspended particles here, including in favor of the formation of various associations of microbes and allergens, and when any obstacles microorganisms, which were first described by A. appear in the area of the ostiomeatal complex, it E. Essel et al. [18]. In the last two decades, the disrupts all these functions and forms a primary clinical picture of modern frontal sinusitis has focus of the inflammatory process. A special area is begun to change towards the appearance of latent the North Caucasus, which is the most unfavorable and latent forms of the disease. Local pain in terms of climatic conditions and, due to the symptom in frontal sinusitis often loses its leading formation of secondary immunodeficiency in many clinical significance, and the data of additional residents [8], is characterized by an increased level research methods give an error in 20-30% of cases of exposure to harmful factors of the external for various reasons [19]. In doubtful cases, urbanized environment on humans, which is also additional diagnostic methods are necessary, such revealed in other industrial zones [9,10]. These as rheofrontography, flowmetry, thermography, factors contribute to an increase in the number of etc. PNS [11, 12]. Of all the ONPs, the inflammatory The main tasks in the treatment of uncomplicated process most often develops in the frontal sinuses frontal sinusitis: and manifests itself in many patients with severe pain in the area of the eyebrows and, somewhat • rapid relief of local pain; less often, nasal discharge. Anatomical • restoration of normal functioning of the frontal prerequisites for the formation of frontal sinuses nasal canal; are not only changes in the area of the ostiomeatal • removal of pathological contents from the lumen complex, but also structural features of the frontal of the frontal sinus; sinuses themselves [13]. Analysis of spiral computed tomograms conducted on a large group • stimulation of reparative processes of the mucous of patients showed that the prerequisites for the membrane of the sinus. formation of frontal sinusitis are the anatomical In the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the features of the frontal sinuses [14], which coincides frontal sinuses, some clinicians [20] use only with the data of our objective studies of the conservative treatment, based on the assumption structural parameters of radiographs of people of of "gravitational" drainage of the sinuses - under different age groups [15]. Frontal sinuses with the the influence of gravity, they independently emp