Сушка плодов сельскохозяйственных культур: моделирование, оптимизация, разработка высокоэффективных аппаратов

Аннотация

Subjects of the investigation: As objects of the study arc take different types of the agricultural products. In particular: apricot, peach; the melon; the onion and etc. Aim of investigation: Purpose of dissertation work is a modeling and optimization of the technological processes of the drying of fruit of agricultural cultures and working out on this base high effective energy saving installation and device. Method of investigation: For aims of intensification of processes of the drying of fruit and vegetables is motivated prospects and practicability of the use of untraditional ways of supply of energy radiation in infrared range. To the execution of the work arc attracted methodology of the system analysis of complex heat - and mass exchange processes. At study of the kinetics of the drying and motivation of mode regulations of technological parameters of dry installations methods of mathematical and computer modeling and multy levelled optimization arc used. The experimental studies were run for laboratory, semi industrial and industrial dry installation. In process of the execution of dissertation work personal computers (Pentium-IY) and programmer complex MATLAB arc broadly used. The achieved results and their novelty': In thesis it is designed methodology of modelling and calculation of the process of the drying on base of the determination of the distribution parameter on as layer of drying material unlike usual calculation, where process of the drying is produced by determinations of average importance’s of moisture and temperature of the product. Thereby, analysis and syntheses of the process of the drying the products is realized on one level deeper. In work it is motivated methodology of the multistage system analysis of complex heat mass exchange processes of the conversion of the fruit crops by way to decompositions of the system of the dry unit on functional subsystems and etc. The methodology of computer modelling of the process of the drying is designed, which allows to define the regularities of running of processes of the displacement of moisture and heats as on layer of drying material, so and at time. The methodology to layered optimization of the process of the drying of the fruit crops is designed. It has allowed to define the optimum processes for event IK- pre-processing and IK-convectivc drying of the fruit crops and develop the high effective drying devices. Practical value: On base of executed complex of theoretical and experimental studies a new decision of the actual research problem, having important economic importance and concluding in essential increasing of efficiency of the dry installation is received. The offered decision of the problem is called to create the scientific base for computer aided design of high effective technologies of the drying of agricultural products and its apparatus of the registration. The optimum modes of the process of infra red convective of the drying of fruit and vegetables is revealed. Method of infra red convective and vacuum drying with preliminary infra red processing of the products is offered. Impulses mode of infra red preprocessing materials vegetable origin is motivated. Method of the engineering calculation of the dry installation and systems of energy transmission is worked out. Degree of introduction and economical effectiveness: On base of results of theoretical and experimental studies experienced-industrial of infra red convective dry installation, introduced in Joint-stock company “Opptorg” of SHahrisabzs region of Kashka-Daya viloyat (2001-2002) is designed. Test of infra red vacuum dryer in Joint-stock company "Tabiat sahovati" of Bukhara is held. The Total economic effect from introducing the installation with capacity 1,5-2 ton. on raw material, as well as the realization of one developments and recommendations of dissertation work forms 14,3 million sums a year. Expected economic effect on Republic forms beside 140 million sums. The Results of theoretical and experimental studies, as well as designed (infra red convective and vacuum) drying installation arc used in research works and in educational process Bukhara technological institute of food and industry and Tashkent chemical technological institute in preparing bachelors and masters. Sphere of usage: The Results of the scientific studies arc applying in food industry, in particular in tin and processing branches of production.